自序 Preface

，，。When I was young I too had many dreams; later I forgot most of them, but I myself don't consider this any great pity.，，，，，，，。What we call memory, though it may bring joy, cannot help but also bring loneliness at times — and what meaning is there in letting the threads of the spirit still trail after time already gone and lonely? Yet I, for my part, suffer from being unable to forget entirely, and this portion that I cannot wholly forget has now become the origin of Outcry.

我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
年: Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)
靑: qīng — variant of 青 (qīng)
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
曾經: céng jīng — 1. once 2. already 3. former 4. previously 5. ever 6. (past tense marker used before verb or clause) (HSK 3)
做: zuò — 1. to make; to produce 2. to write; to compose 3. to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) 4. (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) 5. (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for 6. to assume (an air or manner) (HSK 1)
過: Guō — surname Guo (HSK 1)
許多: xǔ duō — 1. many 2. a lot of 3. much (HSK 2)
夢: mèng — 1. dream (classifier: 場 (cháng)) 2. (bound form) to dream (HSK 4)
後來: hòu lái — 1. afterwards; later 2. newly arrived (HSK 2)
大半: dà bàn — 1. more than half 2. greater part 3. most 4. probably 5. most likely
忘卻: wàng què — to forget
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
並不: bìng bù — not at all; by no means
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
可惜: kě xī — 1. it is a pity 2. what a pity 3. unfortunately (HSK 5)
所謂: suǒ wèi — 1. what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... 2. (derog.) so-called (HSK 7-9)
回憶: huí yì — 1. to recall 2. memories 3. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 5)
者: zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this
雖說: suī shuō — 1. though 2. although (HSK 7-9)
可以: kě yǐ — 1. can 2. may 3. possible 4. able to 5. not bad 6. pretty good (HSK 2)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
歡欣: huān xīn — elated
有時: yǒu shí — 1. sometimes 2. now and then (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
不免: bù miǎn — inevitably (HSK 5)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
精神: jīng shén — 1. spirit 2. mind 3. consciousness 4. thought 5. mental 6. psychological 7. essence 8. gist 9. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
絲縷: sī lǚ — silk thread
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
牽: qiān — 1. to lead along 2. to pull (an animal on a tether) 3. (bound form) to involve 4. to draw in (HSK 6)
着: zhāo — variant of 著 (zhāo) (HSK 1)
已: yǐ — 1. already 2. to stop 3. then 4. afterwards (HSK 3)
逝: shì — 1. (of flowing water or time) to pass by 2. to pass away; to die
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
時光: shí guāng — time (esp. as sth that passes) (HSK 5)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
什: shén — what
麽: me — variant of 麼 (me)
意味: yì wèi — 1. meaning 2. implication 3. flavor 4. overtone 5. to mean 6. to imply 7. (Tw) to get a sense of
呢: ne — 1. (sentence-final particle) used in questions to link back to prior discourse or context ("what about...?", "and...?") 2. (sentence-final particle) indicating that a state or situation still holds 3. (discourse particle) used to mark a slight pause or emphasis in speech (HSK 1)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
偏: piān — 1. to lean 2. to slant 3. oblique 4. prejudiced 5. to deviate from average 6. to stray from the intended line 7. stubbornly 8. contrary to expectations (HSK 6)
苦于: kǔ yú — to suffer from (a disadvantage)
不能: bù néng — 1. cannot 2. must not 3. should not
全: Quán — surname Quan (HSK 2)
忘卻: wàng què — to forget
這不: zhè bu — (coll.) As a matter of fact, ... (used to introduce evidence for what one has just asserted)
能: Néng — surname Neng (HSK 1)
全: Quán — surname Quan (HSK 2)
忘: wàng — 1. to forget 2. to overlook 3. to neglect (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
一部分: yī bù fen — 1. portion 2. part of 3. subset (HSK 2)
到現在: dào xiàn zài — 1. up until now 2. to date
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
成了: chéng le — 1. to be done 2. to be ready 3. that's enough! 4. that will do!
吶喊: nà hǎn — 1. shout 2. rallying cry 3. cheering 4. to shout (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
來由: lái yóu — reason; cause

，，——，，，，，，，。For more than four years I would often — almost daily — go in and out of the pawnshop and the pharmacy. I no longer remember my age at the time, but in any case the pharmacy counter stood exactly as tall as I was, while the pawnshop's counter was twice my height. I would hand up clothes or jewelry from outside that counter twice my height, take the money amid contempt, and then go to the counter level with me to buy medicine for my father, long ill.，，，：，，，，……After returning home, there was other business to attend to, for the doctor who wrote the prescriptions was the most famous one, and so the medicinal guides he prescribed were peculiar too: reed roots dug in winter, sugarcane that had endured frost for three years, crickets that had to be an original pair, ardisia that had already borne seed, ...。Most of these were not things easily obtained.。Yet in the end my father grew worse day by day and passed away.

我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
四: sì — 1. four 2. 4 (HSK 1)
年: Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)
多: duō — 1. many; much; more; a lot of 2. too many; in excess 3. (after a numeral) ... odd 4. how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. (duó)) 5. (bound form) multi-; poly- (HSK 1)
曾經: céng jīng — 1. once 2. already 3. former 4. previously 5. ever 6. (past tense marker used before verb or clause) (HSK 3)
常常: cháng cháng — frequently; often (HSK 1)
幾乎: jī hū — almost; nearly; practically (HSK 4)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
每天: měi tiān — every day
出入: chū rù — 1. to go out and come in 2. entrance and exit 3. expenditure and income 4. discrepancy 5. inconsistent (HSK 6)
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
質鋪: zhì pù — pawn shop
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
藥店: yào diàn — pharmacy; drugstore (HSK 2)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
年紀: nián jì — 1. age 2. classifier: 把 (bǎ), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
可是: kě shì — 1. but; however 2. (used for emphasis) indeed (HSK 2)
忘卻: wàng què — to forget
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
總之: zǒng zhī — 1. in a word 2. in short 3. in brief (HSK 4)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
藥店: yào diàn — pharmacy; drugstore (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
櫃臺: guì tái — variant of 櫃檯 (guì tái) (HSK 7-9)
正: zhēng — first month of the lunar year (HSK 1)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
一樣: yī yàng — 1. same 2. like 3. equal to 4. the same as 5. just like (HSK 1)
高: Gāo — surname Gao (HSK 1)
質鋪: zhì pù — pawn shop
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
比: Bǐ — 1. Belgium 2. Belgian 3. abbr. for 比利時 (Bǐ lì shí) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
高: Gāo — surname Gao (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
倍: bèi — 1. (two, three etc) -fold 2. times (multiplier) 3. double 4. to increase or multiply (HSK 4)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
從: Cóng — surname Cong (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
倍: bèi — 1. (two, three etc) -fold 2. times (multiplier) 3. double 4. to increase or multiply (HSK 4)
高: Gāo — surname Gao (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
櫃臺: guì tái — variant of 櫃檯 (guì tái) (HSK 7-9)
外送: wài sòng — 1. to send out 2. fast food delivered
上衣: shàng yī — 1. jacket 2. upper outer garment 3. classifier: 件 (jiàn) (HSK 3)
服: fú — 1. clothes 2. dress 3. garment 4. to serve (in the military, a prison sentence etc) 5. to obey 6. to be convinced (by an argument) 7. to convince 8. to admire 9. to acclimatize 10. to take (medicine) 11. mourning clothes 12. to wear mourning clothes (HSK 6)
或: huò — 1. maybe 2. perhaps 3. might 4. possibly 5. or (HSK 2)
首飾: shǒu shì — 1. jewelry 2. head ornament (HSK 7-9)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
侮蔑: wǔ miè — 1. contempt 2. to despise
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
接: jiē — 1. to receive 2. to answer (the phone) 3. to meet or welcome sb 4. to connect 5. to catch 6. to join 7. to extend 8. to take one's turn on duty 9. to take over for sb (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
錢: Qián — surname Qian (HSK 1)
再: zài — 1. again; once more; re- 2. further; beyond this point of time 3. (before an adjective) more 4. then (after sth, and not until then) 5. no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 (yě) or 都 (dōu) for emphasis) 6. (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則 (zài zé), 再就是 (zài jiù shì) etc) 7. (literary) to reappear; to reoccur (HSK 1)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
一樣: yī yàng — 1. same 2. like 3. equal to 4. the same as 5. just like (HSK 1)
高: Gāo — surname Gao (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
櫃臺: guì tái — variant of 櫃檯 (guì tái) (HSK 7-9)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
給: gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
久病: jiǔ bìng — 1. my old illness 2. chronic condition
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
父親: fù qīn — 1. father 2. also pr. (fù qin) 3. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
買: mǎi — 1. to buy 2. to purchase (HSK 1)
藥: yào — 1. medicine 2. drug 3. substance used for a specific purpose (e.g. poisoning, explosion, fermenting) 4. classifier: 種 (zhǒng), 服 (fù), 味 (wèi) 5. to poison (HSK 2)
回家: huí jiā — to return home (HSK 1)
之後: zhī hòu — 1. after; behind 2. (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then (HSK 4)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
須: xū — 1. must 2. to have to 3. to wait (HSK 7-9)
忙: máng — 1. busy 2. hurriedly 3. to hurry 4. to rush (HSK 1)
別的: bié de — 1. else 2. other (HSK 1)
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
開方: kāi fāng — 1. (medicine) to write out a prescription 2. (math.) to extract a root from a given quantity
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
醫生: yī shēng — doctor; medical practitioner (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
最: zuì — 1. (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est 2. (after 之 (zhī)) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 (shì jiè zhī zuì) "the greatest in the world") (HSK 1)
有名: yǒu míng — 1. famous 2. well-known (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
以此: yǐ cǐ — 1. with this 2. thereby 3. thus 4. because of this
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
用: yòng — 1. to use; to make use of; to employ 2. (coverb) with; using 3. to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) 4. usefulness; utility 5. (bound form) expense; outlay 6. (courteous) to eat; to drink 7. (literary) hence; therefore (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
藥: yào — 1. medicine 2. drug 3. substance used for a specific purpose (e.g. poisoning, explosion, fermenting) 4. classifier: 種 (zhǒng), 服 (fù), 味 (wèi) 5. to poison (HSK 2)
引: yǐn — 1. to draw (e.g. a bow) 2. to pull 3. to stretch sth 4. to extend 5. to lengthen 6. to involve or implicate in 7. to attract 8. to lead 9. to guide 10. to leave 11. to provide evidence or justification for 12. old unit of distance equal to 10 丈 (zhàng), one-thirtieth of a km or 33.33 meters (HSK 4)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
奇特: qí tè — 1. peculiar 2. unusual 3. queer (HSK 7-9)
冬天: dōng tiān — winter (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
蘆根: lú gēn — reed rhizome (used in TCM)
經: Jīng — surname Jing (HSK 7-9)
霜: shuāng — 1. frost 2. white powder or cream spread over a surface 3. frosting 4. (skin) cream (HSK 7-9)
三: Sān — surname San (HSK 1)
年: Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
甘蔗: gān zhe — 1. sugar cane 2. classifier: 節 (jié)
蟋蟀: xī shuài — cricket (insect)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
原: Yuán — 1. surname Yuan 2. (Japanese surname) Hara (HSK 6)
對: duì — 1. right; correct 2. towards; at; for 3. concerning; regarding 4. to treat (sb a certain way) 5. to face 6. (bound form) opposite; facing; matching 7. to match together; to adjust 8. to fit; to suit 9. to answer; to reply 10. to add; to pour in (a fluid) 11. to check; to compare 12. classifier: couple; pair (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
結子: jiē zǐ — to bear seeds (of plant)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
平地木: píng dì mù — (TCM) Japanese ardisia (Ardisia japonica)
多: duō — 1. many; much; more; a lot of 2. too many; in excess 3. (after a numeral) ... odd 4. how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. (duó)) 5. (bound form) multi-; poly- (HSK 1)
不是: bù shì — 1. no 2. is not 3. not
容易: róng yì — 1. easy; straightforward 2. likely; liable to; apt to (HSK 3)
辦到: bàn dào — to accomplish; to get (sth) done
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
東西: dōng xī — east and west (HSK 1)
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
父親: fù qīn — 1. father 2. also pr. (fù qin) 3. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
終: zhōng — 1. end 2. finish
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
日: rì — 1. (bound form) sun 2. day 3. day of the month 4. (bound form) Japan (abbr. for 日本 (Rì běn)) 5. (vulgar) to fuck; to have sex with (HSK 1)
重: chóng — 1. to repeat 2. repetition 3. again 4. re- 5. classifier: layer (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
日: rì — 1. (bound form) sun 2. day 3. day of the month 4. (bound form) Japan (abbr. for 日本 (Rì běn)) 5. (vulgar) to fuck; to have sex with (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
亡故: wáng gù — 1. to die 2. to pass away
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

，，；Has anyone here fallen from a household of modest comfort into hardship? I believe that along that path one can probably see the true face of the world;ＮＫ，，，。I was going to N to enter K Academy, as if wishing to take a different road, flee to a different place, and seek out people of another kind.，，；My mother had no choice but to prepare eight yuan in travel money, saying it was up to me to do as I pleased;，，，，，，，。yet she wept, which was only natural, for in those days studying for the examinations was the proper path, whereas so-called 'learning foreign affairs' was regarded by society as the resort of a man at the end of his rope, one who had no choice but to sell his soul to the foreign devils — such a person was to be doubly mocked and shunned — and besides, she would no longer be able to see her own son.，ＮＫ，，、、、、。But I could not be troubled with such concerns, and in the end went to N and entered K Academy, where for the first time I learned that the world also had such things as natural science, mathematics, geography, history, drawing, and gymnastics.，。Physiology was not taught, but we did get to see woodblock-printed books like the New Treatise on the Whole Body and Chemical Hygiene.，，，；I still remembered the arguments and prescriptions of that earlier doctor, and comparing them with what I now knew, I gradually came to realize that Chinese medicine was nothing but a kind of deception, whether intentional or not, and at the same time I felt great sympathy for the deceived patients and their families;，。and moreover, from translated histories, I learned the fact that the Japanese Restoration had for the most part originated with Western medicine.

有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
誰: shéi — 1. who 2. also pr. (shuí) (HSK 1)
從小: cóng xiǎo — from childhood; from a young age (HSK 2)
康: Kāng — surname Kang
人家: rén jiā — 1. household 2. dwelling 3. family 4. sb else's house 5. household business 6. house of woman's husband-to-be 7. classifier: 戶 (hù), 家 (jiā) (HSK 4)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
墜入: zhuì rù — 1. to drop into 2. to fall into
困頓: kùn dùn — 1. fatigued 2. exhausted 3. poverty-stricken 4. in straitened circumstances
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
麽: me — variant of 麼 (me)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
途: tú — 1. way 2. route 3. road
路: Lù — surname Lu (HSK 1)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
大概: dà gài — 1. roughly 2. probably 3. rough 4. approximate 5. about 6. general idea (HSK 3)
可以: kě yǐ — 1. can 2. may 3. possible 4. able to 5. not bad 6. pretty good (HSK 2)
看見: kàn jiàn — to see; to catch sight of (HSK 1)
世人: shì rén — people (in general); people around the world; everyone
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
眞: zhēn — variant of 真 (zhēn)
面目: miàn mù — 1. appearance 2. facial features 3. look
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
進: jìn — 1. to go forward 2. to advance 3. to go in 4. to enter 5. to put in 6. to submit 7. to take in 8. to admit 9. (math.) base of a number system 10. classifier for sections in a building or residential compound (HSK 1)
學堂: xué táng — 1. college 2. school (old) (HSK 7-9)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
彷彿: fǎng fú — 1. to seem; as if; seemingly 2. alike; similar (HSK 6)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
想: xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)
走: zǒu — 1. to walk 2. to go 3. to run 4. to move (of vehicle) 5. to visit 6. to leave 7. to go away 8. to die (euph.) 9. from 10. through 11. away (in compound verbs, such as 撤走 (chè zǒu)) 12. to change (shape, form, meaning) (HSK 1)
異: yì — 1. different 2. other 3. hetero- 4. unusual 5. strange 6. surprising 7. to distinguish 8. to separate 9. to discriminate
路: Lù — surname Lu (HSK 1)
逃: táo — 1. to escape 2. to run away 3. to flee (HSK 5)
異地: yì dì — 1. different place 2. abroad
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
尋求: xún qiú — to seek; to look for (HSK 5)
別樣: bié yàng — 1. different kind of 2. another sort of 3. special 4. unusual
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人們: rén men — people (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
母親: mǔ qīn — mother (HSK 3)
沒有法: méi yǒu fǎ — 1. at a loss 2. unable to do anything about it 3. to have no choice
辦: bàn — 1. to take care of (a matter); to deal with (a task, procedure etc); to organize (an event) 2. to establish; to set up; to manage; to run (an enterprise) 3. (law) to handle; to investigate; to prosecute (a case or suspect) 4. (bound form) office (as in 招辦 (zhāo bàn), admissions office) (abbr. for 辦公室 (bàn gōng shì)) (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
八: bā — eight (HSK 1)
元: Yuán — 1. surname Yuan 2. Yuan dynasty (1279–1368) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
川資: chuān zī — travel expenses
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
由: yóu — 1. to follow 2. from 3. because of; due to 4. by; via; through 5. (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ... (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
自便: zì biàn — to do as one pleases; to not inconvenience oneself
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
伊: Yī — surname Yi
哭: kū — to cry; to weep (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
正是: zhèng shì — is precisely (HSK 2)
情理: qíng lǐ — 1. reason 2. sense
中的: zhòng dì — 1. to hit the target 2. (fig.) to hit the nail on the head
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
讀書: dú shū — 1. to read a book 2. to study 3. to attend school (HSK 1)
應試: yìng shì — 1. to take an exam 2. (of an education system) to be exam-oriented
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
正路: zhèng lù — (lit. and fig.) the right way; the correct path; the proper course
所謂: suǒ wèi — 1. what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... 2. (derog.) so-called (HSK 7-9)
學: xué — 1. to learn 2. to study 3. to imitate 4. science 5. -ology (HSK 1)
洋務: yáng wù — 1. foreign affairs (in Qing times) 2. foreign learning
社會: shè huì — society (HSK 3)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
一種: yī zhǒng — one kind of; one type of
走投無路: zǒu tóu wú lù — 1. to be at an impasse (idiom) 2. in a tight spot 3. at the end of one's rope 4. desperate (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
只得: zhǐ dé — to have no alternative but to; to be obliged to (HSK 6)
將: jiāng — 1. will 2. shall 3. to use 4. to take 5. to checkmate 6. just a short while ago 7. (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把 (bǎ)) (HSK 5)
靈魂: líng hún — 1. soul 2. spirit (HSK 7-9)
賣: mài — 1. to sell 2. to betray 3. to spare no effort 4. to show off or flaunt (HSK 2)
給: gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)
鬼子: guǐ zi — 1. devil (derog. term for foreign invaders) 2. (esp. during resistance against Japanese aggression 1931–1945) Jap; Nip
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
加倍: jiā bèi — 1. to double 2. to redouble
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
奚落: xī luò — 1. to taunt 2. to ridicule 3. to jeer at 4. to treat coldly 5. to abandon
而且: ér qiě — 1. (not only ...) but also 2. moreover; in addition; furthermore (HSK 2)
排斥: pái chì — 1. to reject 2. to exclude 3. to eliminate 4. to remove 5. to repel (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
況: kuàng — 1. moreover 2. situation
伊: Yī — surname Yi
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
看不見: kàn bu jiàn — 1. cannot see 2. cannot be seen 3. invisible
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
兒子: ér zi — son (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
顧不得: gù bu de — 1. unable to change sth 2. unable to deal with (HSK 7-9)
這些: zhè xiē — these (HSK 1)
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
終: zhōng — 1. end 2. finish
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
進: jìn — 1. to go forward 2. to advance 3. to go in 4. to enter 5. to put in 6. to submit 7. to take in 8. to admit 9. (math.) base of a number system 10. classifier for sections in a building or residential compound (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
學堂: xué táng — 1. college 2. school (old) (HSK 7-9)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
學堂: xué táng — 1. college 2. school (old) (HSK 7-9)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
纔: cái — 1. (variant of 才 (cái)) just now 2. (variant of 才 (cái)) (before an expression of quantity) only (HSK 2)
知道: zhī dào — 1. to know; to become aware of 2. also pr. (zhī dao) (HSK 1)
世上: shì shàng — on earth
還有: hái yǒu — 1. there still remain(s); there is (or are) still 2. in addition (HSK 1)
所謂: suǒ wèi — 1. what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... 2. (derog.) so-called (HSK 7-9)
格致: gé zhì — 1. to study the underlying principle to acquire knowledge (abbr. for 格物致知 (gé wù zhì zhī)) 2. word for Western natural sciences during late Qing
算: suàn — 1. to calculate; to figure out 2. to include; to count in 3. to count; to be valid; to carry weight 4. to regard as; to consider (to be ...) (HSK 2)
學: xué — 1. to learn 2. to study 3. to imitate 4. science 5. -ology (HSK 1)
地理: dì lǐ — geography (HSK 7-9)
歷史: lì shǐ — 1. history 2. classifier: 門 (mén), 段 (duàn) (HSK 4)
繪圖: huì tú — to chart; to sketch; to draft; to plot
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
體操: tǐ cāo — 1. gymnastic 2. gymnastics (HSK 4)
生理學: shēng lǐ xué — physiology
並不: bìng bù — not at all; by no means
教: Jiào — surname Jiao (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
我們: wǒ men — we; us; ourselves; our (HSK 1)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
看到: kàn dào — to see (HSK 1)
些: xiē — classifier indicating a small amount or small number greater than 1: some, a few, several (HSK 4)
木版: mù bǎn — (printing) woodblock
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
全體: quán tǐ — 1. all 2. entire (HSK 2)
新: Xīn — 1. abbr. for Xinjiang 新疆 (Xīn jiāng) 2. abbr. for Singapore 新加坡 (Xīn jiā pō) 3. surname Xin (HSK 1)
論: Lún — abbr. for 論語 (Lún yǔ), The Analects (of Confucius)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
化學: huà xué — 1. chemistry 2. chemical
衞: wèi — 1. variant of 衛 (wèi) 2. to guard 3. to defend
生: shēng — 1. to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born 2. to arise; to occur 3. to light (a fire) 4. to live; to be alive 5. life 6. raw; uncooked; unprocessed 7. unfamiliar; strange 8. (bound form) student; person engaged in a field 9. (bound form) male role in traditional opera 10. (bound form) life; lifetime 11. (bound form) means of livelihood 12. (bound form) very; intensely (as in 生疼 (shēng téng)) 13. (bound form) in a forced manner (as in 生拉硬拽 (shēng lā yìng zhuài)) (HSK 2)
論: Lún — abbr. for 論語 (Lún yǔ), The Analects (of Confucius)
之類: zhī lèi — 1. and so on 2. and such (HSK 6)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
記得: jì de — to remember (HSK 1)
先前: xiān qián — before; previously (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
醫生: yī shēng — doctor; medical practitioner (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
議論: yì lùn — 1. to comment 2. to talk about 3. to discuss 4. discussion 5. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 4)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
方: Fāng — surname Fang (HSK 4)
藥: yào — 1. medicine 2. drug 3. substance used for a specific purpose (e.g. poisoning, explosion, fermenting) 4. classifier: 種 (zhǒng), 服 (fù), 味 (wèi) 5. to poison (HSK 2)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
所知: suǒ zhī — 1. known 2. what one knows
道: dào — 1. road; path (classifier: 條 (tiáo), 股 (gǔ)) 2. (bound form) way; reason; principle 3. (bound form) a skill; an art; a specialization 4. (Daoism) the Way; the Dao 5. to say (introducing a direct quotation, as in a novel) 6. (bound form) to express; to extend (polite words) 7. classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks, shadows etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process 8. (old) circuit (administrative division) (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
比較: bǐ jiào — 1. to compare 2. to contrast 3. comparatively 4. relatively 5. quite 6. comparison (HSK 3)
起來: qǐ lai — 1. to stand up; to get up 2. also pr. (qǐ lái) (HSK 1)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
漸漸: jiàn jiàn — gradually (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
悟: wù — 1. to comprehend 2. to apprehend 3. to become aware
得中: dé zhōng — moderate; appropriate; suitable
醫: yī — 1. medical 2. medicine 3. doctor 4. to cure 5. to treat
不過: bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
一種: yī zhǒng — one kind of; one type of
有意: yǒu yì — 1. to intend 2. intentionally 3. interested in (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
或: huò — 1. maybe 2. perhaps 3. might 4. possibly 5. or (HSK 2)
無意: wú yì — 1. inadvertent 2. accidental 3. to have no intention of (doing sth) (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
騙子: piàn zi — 1. swindler 2. a cheat (HSK 5)
同時: tóng shí — at the same time; simultaneously (HSK 2)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
很: hěn — 1. very; quite 2. (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) (HSK 1)
起: qǐ — 1. to rise 2. to raise 3. to get up 4. to set out 5. to start 6. to appear 7. to launch 8. to initiate (action) 9. to draft 10. to establish 11. to get (from a depot or counter) 12. verb suffix, to start 13. starting from (a time, place, price etc) 14. classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance 15. classifier for groups: batch, group (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
對: duì — 1. right; correct 2. towards; at; for 3. concerning; regarding 4. to treat (sb a certain way) 5. to face 6. (bound form) opposite; facing; matching 7. to match together; to adjust 8. to fit; to suit 9. to answer; to reply 10. to add; to pour in (a fluid) 11. to check; to compare 12. classifier: couple; pair (HSK 1)
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
被: bèi — 1. quilt 2. to cover (with) 3. (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) 4. used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) 5. (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊[bei4 lu : 3 you2] to "go on a trip") (HSK 3)
騙: piàn — 1. to cheat 2. to swindle 3. to deceive 4. to get on (a horse etc) by swinging one leg over (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
病人: bìng rén — 1. sick person 2. patient 3. invalid 4. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 1)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
家族: jiā zú — 1. family 2. clan (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
同情: tóng qíng — 1. to sympathize with 2. sympathy (HSK 4)
而且: ér qiě — 1. (not only ...) but also 2. moreover; in addition; furthermore (HSK 2)
從: Cóng — surname Cong (HSK 1)
譯: yì — 1. to translate 2. to interpret (HSK 7-9)
出: chū — 1. to go out; to come out 2. to arise; to occur 3. to produce; to yield 4. to go beyond; to exceed 5. (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) 6. classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
歷史上: lì shǐ shàng — 1. historical 2. in history
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
知道了: zhī dào le — 1. OK! 2. Got it!
日本: Rì běn — Japan
維新: wéi xīn — 1. (political) reform 2. revitalization 3. modernization
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
大半: dà bàn — 1. more than half 2. greater part 3. most 4. probably 5. most likely
發端: fā duān — 1. to originate; to initiate 2. beginning; origin
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
西方: Xī fāng — 1. the West 2. the Occident 3. Western countries (HSK 2)
醫學: yī xué — 1. medicine 2. medical science 3. study of medicine (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
事實: shì shí — 1. fact 2. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)

，。Because of this naive knowledge, my name later came to be enrolled at a medical school in a rural part of Japan.，，，，。My dream was a fine one: I planned to graduate and return to cure the suffering of patients misdiagnosed like my father, to serve as an army doctor in wartime, and at the same time to promote among my countrymen faith in reform.，，，，，，，。I no longer know what progress has since been made in the methods of teaching microbiology, but in any case at that time slides were used to show the shapes of microbes, so that sometimes a section of the lecture would already be finished while there was still time left, and the teacher would project pictures of scenery or current events for the students to watch, so as to use up the extra time.、，，，。It happened to be during the Russo-Japanese War at the time, so pictures related to the war were naturally rather numerous, and in that lecture hall I often had to join, out of politeness, in my classmates' clapping and cheering.，，，，，。Once, I suddenly came upon, in one of the pictures, many Chinese I had not seen in a long time — one bound in the middle, many others standing to the left and right, all equally sturdy in build, yet all wearing the same numb expression.，，，。According to the commentary, the one bound had served as a military spy for Russia and was about to have his head cut off by the Japanese army as a public example, while those standing around were people who had come to enjoy the spectacle of this public execution.

因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
這些: zhè xiē — these (HSK 1)
幼稚: yòu zhì — 1. young 2. childish 3. puerile (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
知識: zhī shi — 1. knowledge 2. classifier: 門 (mén) 3. intellectual (HSK 1)
後來: hòu lái — 1. afterwards; later 2. newly arrived (HSK 2)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
學籍: xué jí — registration as a current student
列: liè — 1. to arrange 2. to line up 3. file 4. series 5. (in data tables) column 6. (Tw) row (HSK 4)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
日本: Rì běn — Japan
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
鄕: xiāng — 1. variant of 鄉 (xiāng) 2. country 3. village
間: jiān — 1. between 2. among 3. within a definite time or space 4. room 5. section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6. classifier for rooms (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
醫學: yī xué — 1. medicine 2. medical science 3. study of medicine (HSK 4)
專門: zhuān mén — 1. specialized; dedicated (to a particular field or purpose) 2. specially; specifically (for a particular purpose) 3. (of institutions, personnel etc) designated or assigned for a specific task; special (HSK 3)
學校: xué xiào — 1. school 2. classifier: 所 (suǒ) (HSK 1)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
夢: mèng — 1. dream (classifier: 場 (cháng)) 2. (bound form) to dream (HSK 4)
很: hěn — 1. very; quite 2. (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) (HSK 1)
美滿: měi mǎn — 1. happy 2. blissful (HSK 7-9)
預備: yù bèi — 1. to prepare 2. to make ready 3. preparation 4. preparatory (HSK 5)
卒業: zú yè — 1. to complete a course of study (old) 2. to graduate
回來: huí lai — to return; to come back (HSK 1)
救治: jiù zhì — to provide critical care (to a patient or a diseased plant) (HSK 7-9)
像: xiàng — 1. to resemble 2. to be like 3. to look as if 4. such as 5. appearance 6. image 7. portrait 8. image under a mapping (math.) (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
父親: fù qīn — 1. father 2. also pr. (fù qin) 3. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
似的: shì de — 1. seems as if 2. rather like 3. Taiwan pr. (sì de) (HSK 4)
被: bèi — 1. quilt 2. to cover (with) 3. (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) 4. used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) 5. (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊[bei4 lu : 3 you2] to "go on a trip") (HSK 3)
誤: wù — 1. mistake 2. error 3. to miss 4. to harm 5. to delay 6. to neglect 7. mistakenly (HSK 6)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
病人: bìng rén — 1. sick person 2. patient 3. invalid 4. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
疾苦: jí kǔ — 1. pain and difficulties 2. suffering (of the people)
戰爭: zhàn zhēng — 1. war; conflict 2. classifier: 場 (cháng), 次 (cì) (HSK 4)
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
當: dāng — 1. to be 2. to act as 3. manage 4. withstand 5. when 6. during 7. ought 8. should 9. match equally 10. equal 11. same 12. obstruct 13. just at (a time or place) 14. on the spot 15. right 16. just at (HSK 2)
軍醫: jūn yī — military doctor
一面: yī miàn — 1. one side 2. one aspect 3. simultaneously... (and...) 4. one's whole face (HSK 7-9)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
促進: cù jìn — to promote (an idea or cause); to advance; boost (HSK 4)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
國人: guó rén — 1. compatriots (literary) 2. fellow countrymen
對: duì — 1. right; correct 2. towards; at; for 3. concerning; regarding 4. to treat (sb a certain way) 5. to face 6. (bound form) opposite; facing; matching 7. to match together; to adjust 8. to fit; to suit 9. to answer; to reply 10. to add; to pour in (a fluid) 11. to check; to compare 12. classifier: couple; pair (HSK 1)
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
維新: wéi xīn — 1. (political) reform 2. revitalization 3. modernization
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
信仰: xìn yǎng — 1. to believe in (a religion) 2. firm belief 3. conviction (HSK 6)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
已: yǐ — 1. already 2. to stop 3. then 4. afterwards (HSK 3)
不知: bù zhī — 1. not to know 2. unaware 3. unknowingly 4. fig. not to admit (defeat, hardships, tiredness etc) (HSK 7-9)
道教: Dào jiào — Taoism; Daoism (HSK 6)
授: shòu — 1. (bound form) to confer; to give 2. (bound form) to teach; to instruct 3. (literary) to appoint
微生物學: wēi shēng wù xué — microbiology
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
方法: fāng fǎ — method; way; technique; procedure (HSK 2)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
有了: yǒu le — 1. I've got a solution! 2. to have a bun in the oven (abbr. for 有了胎 (yǒu le tāi))
怎樣: zěn yàng — 1. how 2. what kind (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
進步: jìn bù — 1. progress; improvement 2. to improve; to progress (HSK 3)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
總之: zǒng zhī — 1. in a word 2. in short 3. in brief (HSK 4)
那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
用: yòng — 1. to use; to make use of; to employ 2. (coverb) with; using 3. to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) 4. usefulness; utility 5. (bound form) expense; outlay 6. (courteous) to eat; to drink 7. (literary) hence; therefore (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
電影: diàn yǐng — 1. movie; film 2. classifier: 部 (bù) (HSK 1)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
顯示: xiǎn shì — 1. to show 2. to illustrate 3. to display 4. to demonstrate (HSK 3)
微生物: wēi shēng wù — microorganism
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
形狀: xíng zhuàng — form; shape (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
因此: yīn cǐ — thus; consequently; as a result (HSK 3)
有時: yǒu shí — 1. sometimes 2. now and then (HSK 1)
講義: jiǎng yì — teaching materials
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
段落: duàn luò — 1. phase 2. time interval 3. paragraph 4. (written) passage (HSK 7-9)
已: yǐ — 1. already 2. to stop 3. then 4. afterwards (HSK 3)
完: wán — 1. to finish 2. to be over 3. whole 4. complete 5. entire (HSK 2)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
時間: shí jiān — 1. (concept of) time 2. (duration of) time 3. (point in) time (HSK 1)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
教師: jiào shī — 1. teacher 2. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 2)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
映: yìng — (bound form) to become visible (esp. on a surface or in perception) (HSK 7-9)
些: xiē — classifier indicating a small amount or small number greater than 1: some, a few, several (HSK 4)
風景: fēng jǐng — scenery; landscape (HSK 4)
或: huò — 1. maybe 2. perhaps 3. might 4. possibly 5. or (HSK 2)
時事: shí shì — current trends; the present situation; how things are going (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
畫: huà — 1. to draw; to paint 2. picture; painting (classifier: 幅 (fú), 張 (zhāng)) 3. to draw (a line) (variant of 劃 (huà)) 4. stroke of a Chinese character (variant of 劃 (huà)) 5. (calligraphy) horizontal stroke (variant of 劃 (huà)) (HSK 2)
片: piān — 1. disk 2. sheet (HSK 2)
給: gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)
學生: xué sheng — 1. student 2. schoolchild (HSK 1)
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
用: yòng — 1. to use; to make use of; to employ 2. (coverb) with; using 3. to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) 4. usefulness; utility 5. (bound form) expense; outlay 6. (courteous) to eat; to drink 7. (literary) hence; therefore (HSK 1)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
多餘: duō yú — 1. superfluous 2. unnecessary 3. surplus (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
光陰: guāng yīn — time available
其: qí — 1. his 2. her 3. its 4. their 5. that 6. such 7. it (refers to sth preceding it) (HSK 5)
時: Shí — surname Shi (HSK 3)
正當: zhèng dāng — 1. timely 2. just (when needed) (HSK 6)
日: rì — 1. (bound form) sun 2. day 3. day of the month 4. (bound form) Japan (abbr. for 日本 (Rì běn)) 5. (vulgar) to fuck; to have sex with (HSK 1)
俄: É — 1. Russia 2. Russian 3. abbr. for 俄羅斯 (É luó sī) 4. Taiwan pr. (È)
戰爭: zhàn zhēng — 1. war; conflict 2. classifier: 場 (cháng), 次 (cì) (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
關: Guān — surname Guan (HSK 1)
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
戰事: zhàn shì — 1. war 2. hostilities 3. fighting
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
畫: huà — 1. to draw; to paint 2. picture; painting (classifier: 幅 (fú), 張 (zhāng)) 3. to draw (a line) (variant of 劃 (huà)) 4. stroke of a Chinese character (variant of 劃 (huà)) 5. (calligraphy) horizontal stroke (variant of 劃 (huà)) (HSK 2)
片: piān — 1. disk 2. sheet (HSK 2)
自然: zì rán — 1. nature 2. natural 3. naturally (HSK 3)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
比較: bǐ jiào — 1. to compare 2. to contrast 3. comparatively 4. relatively 5. quite 6. comparison (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
多: duō — 1. many; much; more; a lot of 2. too many; in excess 3. (after a numeral) ... odd 4. how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. (duó)) 5. (bound form) multi-; poly- (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
講堂: jiǎng táng — lecture hall
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
須: xū — 1. must 2. to have to 3. to wait (HSK 7-9)
常常: cháng cháng — frequently; often (HSK 1)
隨喜: suí xǐ — 1. (Buddhism) to be moved at the sight of good deeds 2. to join in charitable deeds 3. to tour temples
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
同學: tóng xué — 1. to study at the same school 2. fellow student 3. classmate 4. classifier: 位 (wèi), 個 (gè) (HSK 1)
們: men — plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
拍手: pāi shǒu — to clap one's hands
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
喝采: hè cǎi — 1. to acclaim 2. to cheer
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
回: Huí — Hui ethnic group (Chinese Muslims) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
竟: jìng — 1. unexpectedly 2. actually 3. to go so far as to 4. indeed (HSK 7-9)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
畫: huà — 1. to draw; to paint 2. picture; painting (classifier: 幅 (fú), 張 (zhāng)) 3. to draw (a line) (variant of 劃 (huà)) 4. stroke of a Chinese character (variant of 劃 (huà)) 5. (calligraphy) horizontal stroke (variant of 劃 (huà)) (HSK 2)
片: piān — 1. disk 2. sheet (HSK 2)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
忽然: hū rán — suddenly; all of a sudden (HSK 2)
會見: huì jiàn — 1. to meet with (sb who is paying a visit) 2. classifier: 次 (cì) (HSK 6)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
久違: jiǔ wéi — 1. (haven't done sth) for a long time 2. a long time since we last met (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
許多: xǔ duō — 1. many 2. a lot of 3. much (HSK 2)
中國人: Zhōng guó rén — Chinese person
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
綁: bǎng — 1. to tie 2. bind or fasten together 3. to kidnap (HSK 7-9)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
中間: zhōng jiān — 1. the middle; the inside 2. in the middle; within; between; among 3. during; in the meantime (HSK 1)
許多: xǔ duō — 1. many 2. a lot of 3. much (HSK 2)
站: zhàn — 1. station 2. to stand 3. to halt 4. to stop 5. branch of a company or organization 6. website (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
左右: zuǒ yòu — 1. left and right 2. nearby 3. approximately 4. attendant 5. to control 6. to influence (HSK 3)
一樣: yī yàng — 1. same 2. like 3. equal to 4. the same as 5. just like (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
強壯: qiáng zhuàng — 1. strong 2. sturdy 3. robust (HSK 6)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
體格: tǐ gé — 1. bodily health 2. one's physical state 3. physique
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
顯出: xiǎn chū — 1. to express 2. to exhibit (HSK 6)
麻木: má mù — 1. numb 2. insensitive 3. apathetic (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
神情: shén qíng — look; expression (HSK 5)
據: jù — 1. according to 2. to act in accordance with 3. to depend on 4. to seize 5. to occupy (HSK 6)
解說: jiě shuō — to explain (verbally); to give a running commentary (HSK 6)
則: zé — 1. (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then 2. (bound form) standard; norm 3. (bound form) principle 4. (literary) to imitate; to follow 5. classifier for written items (HSK 7-9)
綁: bǎng — 1. to tie 2. bind or fasten together 3. to kidnap (HSK 7-9)
着: zhāo — variant of 著 (zhāo) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
替: tì — 1. to substitute for 2. to take the place of 3. to replace 4. for 5. on behalf of 6. to stand in for (HSK 4)
俄國: É guó — Russia
做: zuò — 1. to make; to produce 2. to write; to compose 3. to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) 4. (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) 5. (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for 6. to assume (an air or manner) (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
軍事: jūn shì — military affairs; (attributive) military (HSK 6)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
偵探: zhēn tàn — 1. detective 2. to do detective work
正要: zhèng yào — 1. to be just about to 2. to be on the point of
被: bèi — 1. quilt 2. to cover (with) 3. (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) 4. used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) 5. (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊[bei4 lu : 3 you2] to "go on a trip") (HSK 3)
日軍: Rì jūn — 1. Japanese army 2. Japanese troops
砍: kǎn — 1. to chop 2. to cut down 3. to throw sth at sb (HSK 7-9)
下頭: xià tóu — 1. (slang) (of a person or manner) off-putting 2. (slang) to feel put off
顱: lú — 1. forehead 2. skull
來示: lái shì — (polite) your letter
衆: zhòng — variant of 眾 (zhòng)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
圍: Wéi — surname Wei (HSK 3)
着: zhāo — variant of 著 (zhāo) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
便是: biàn shì — 1. (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) 2. precisely 3. exactly 4. even 5. if 6. just like 7. in the same way as (HSK 6)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
賞: shǎng — 1. to bestow (a reward) 2. to give (to an inferior) 3. to hand down 4. a reward (bestowed by a superior) 5. to appreciate (beauty) (HSK 4)
鑑: jiàn — 1. bronze mirror (used in ancient times) 2. to reflect 3. to mirror 4. sth that serves as a warning or a lesson 5. to examine 6. to scrutinize
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
示: shì — 1. to show 2. to reveal
衆: zhòng — variant of 眾 (zhòng)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
盛舉: shèng jǔ — 1. grand event 2. magnificent undertaking
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人們: rén men — people (HSK 2)

，，，，，，，，。Before that school year was over, I had already left for Tokyo, because from that time on I felt that medicine was not, after all, a matter of first importance: for a people who were ignorant and weak, no matter how sound and sturdy their physique might be, they could only serve as material for pointless public spectacles or as spectators of them, and it did not much matter how many of them died of disease.，，，，。So our first task was to change their spirit, and since I believed at the time that literature and art were naturally the best means of changing the spirit, I resolved to promote a literary movement.，；Among the Chinese students in Tokyo there were plenty studying law, government, science, even police work and industry, but no one studied literature or fine art;，，，，，『』，，。yet even in that indifferent atmosphere, I was fortunate enough to find a few like-minded comrades, and besides them gathered a few other necessary people; after discussion, the first step, naturally, was to put out a magazine, whose title carried the sense of 'new life,' but since we were at the time somewhat inclined toward the archaic, we simply called it Xin Sheng (New Life).

這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
學年: xué nián — academic year (HSK 4)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
完畢: wán bì — 1. to finish 2. to end 3. to complete (HSK 7-9)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
已經: yǐ jīng — already (HSK 2)
到了: dào liǎo — 1. at last 2. finally 3. in the end
東京: Dōng jīng — 1. Tokyo, capital of Japan 2. Tonkin (northern Vietnam during the French colonial period)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
從: Cóng — surname Cong (HSK 1)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
回: Huí — Hui ethnic group (Chinese Muslims) (HSK 1)
以後: yǐ hòu — 1. after 2. later 3. afterwards 4. following 5. later on 6. in the future (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
覺得: jué de — 1. to think that ...; to feel that ... 2. to feel (uncomfortable etc) (HSK 1)
醫學: yī xué — 1. medicine 2. medical science 3. study of medicine (HSK 4)
並非: bìng fēi — really isn't (HSK 7-9)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
件: jiàn — 1. item 2. component 3. classifier for events, things, clothes etc (HSK 2)
緊要: jǐn yào — 1. critical 2. crucial 3. vital
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
凡是: fán shì — each and every; every; all; any (HSK 6)
愚弱: yú ruò — ignorant and feeble
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
國民: guó mín — 1. nationals 2. citizens 3. people of a nation (HSK 5)
卽: jí — 1. variant of 即 (jí) 2. promptly
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
體格: tǐ gé — 1. bodily health 2. one's physical state 3. physique
如何: rú hé — 1. how 2. what way 3. what (HSK 3)
健全: jiàn quán — 1. robust 2. sound (HSK 5)
如何: rú hé — 1. how 2. what way 3. what (HSK 3)
茁壯: zhuó zhuàng — 1. healthy and strong 2. sturdy 3. thriving 4. vigorous 5. robust 6. flourishing
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
只能: zhǐ néng — 1. can only 2. obliged to do sth 3. to have no other choice (HSK 2)
做: zuò — 1. to make; to produce 2. to write; to compose 3. to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) 4. (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) 5. (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for 6. to assume (an air or manner) (HSK 1)
毫無: háo wú — 1. not in the least 2. to completely lack (HSK 7-9)
意義: yì yì — 1. sense 2. meaning 3. significance 4. importance 5. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
示: shì — 1. to show 2. to reveal
衆: zhòng — variant of 眾 (zhòng)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
材料: cái liào — 1. (raw) material 2. data 3. (fig.) person who has the potential to do the job (HSK 4)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
看客: kàn kè — audience; spectators; onlookers
病死: bìng sǐ — 1. to fall ill and die 2. to die of illness
多少: duō shǎo — 1. number; amount 2. somewhat (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
不必: bù bì — 1. need not 2. does not have to 3. not necessarily (HSK 3)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
不幸: bù xìng — 1. misfortune 2. adversity 3. unfortunate 4. sad 5. unfortunately 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
所以: suǒ yǐ — 1. therefore 2. as a result 3. so 4. the reason why (HSK 2)
我們: wǒ men — we; us; ourselves; our (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
第一: dì yī — 1. first 2. most important; primary; foremost
要著: yào zhuó — 1. important thing 2. crucial thing
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
改變: gǎi biàn — 1. to change 2. to alter 3. to transform (HSK 2)
他們: tā men — they; them (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
精神: jīng shén — 1. spirit 2. mind 3. consciousness 4. thought 5. mental 6. psychological 7. essence 8. gist 9. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
善于: shàn yú — to be good at; to be adept at (HSK 4)
改變: gǎi biàn — 1. to change 2. to alter 3. to transform (HSK 2)
精神: jīng shén — 1. spirit 2. mind 3. consciousness 4. thought 5. mental 6. psychological 7. essence 8. gist 9. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
當然: dāng rán — 1. only natural 2. as it should be 3. certainly 4. of course 5. without doubt (HSK 3)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
推文: tuī wén — 1. tweet (on Twitter) 2. (HK, Tw) to "bump" a forum thread to raise its profile 3. to reply to original poster (or recommend a post) on PTT bulletin board
藝: yì — 1. skill 2. art
于是: yú shì — thereupon; as a result; consequently; thus; hence (HSK 4)
想: xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)
提倡: tí chàng — 1. to promote 2. to advocate (HSK 5)
文藝: wén yì — literature and art (HSK 5)
運動: yùn dòng — 1. to move 2. to exercise 3. sports 4. exercise 5. motion 6. movement 7. campaign 8. classifier: 場 (chǎng) (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
東京: Dōng jīng — 1. Tokyo, capital of Japan 2. Tonkin (northern Vietnam during the French colonial period)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
留學生: liú xué shēng — student studying abroad; returned student; foreign student; international student (HSK 2)
很: hěn — 1. very; quite 2. (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
學: xué — 1. to learn 2. to study 3. to imitate 4. science 5. -ology (HSK 1)
法政: fǎ zhèng — law and government; law and politics
理化: lǐ huà — 1. physics and chemistry 2. (archaic) governance and education
以至: yǐ zhì — 1. down to 2. up to 3. to such an extent as to ... 4. also written 以至於 (yǐ zhì yú)
警察: jǐng chá — police; police officer (HSK 3)
工業: gōng yè — industry (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
人治: rén zhì — rule of man
文學: wén xué — literature (HSK 3)
和美: Hé měi — Hemei or Homei Town in Changhua County 彰化縣 (Zhāng huà Xiàn), Taiwan
術: shù — 1. method 2. technique
可是: kě shì — 1. but; however 2. (used for emphasis) indeed (HSK 2)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
冷淡: lěng dàn — 1. cold 2. indifferent (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
空氣: kōng qì — 1. air 2. atmosphere (HSK 2)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
幸而: xìng ér — 1. by good fortune 2. luckily
尋: xún — 1. to search 2. to look for 3. to seek (HSK 7-9)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
幾個: jǐ ge — 1. a few 2. several 3. how many
同志: tóng zhì — 1. comrade 2. (slang) homosexual 3. classifier: 位 (wèi) (HSK 7-9)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
此外: cǐ wài — besides; in addition; moreover; furthermore (HSK 4)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
邀集: yāo jí — to invite a group of people (to assemble for a gathering)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
必須: bì xū — 1. to have to 2. must 3. compulsory 4. necessarily (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
幾個: jǐ ge — 1. a few 2. several 3. how many
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
商量: shāng liang — 1. to consult 2. to talk over 3. to discuss (HSK 2)
之後: zhī hòu — 1. after; behind 2. (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then (HSK 4)
第一步: dì yī bù — 1. step one 2. first step
當然: dāng rán — 1. only natural 2. as it should be 3. certainly 4. of course 5. without doubt (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
出: chū — 1. to go out; to come out 2. to arise; to occur 3. to produce; to yield 4. to go beyond; to exceed 5. (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) 6. classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc (HSK 1)
雜誌: zá zhì — 1. magazine 2. classifier: 本 (běn), 份 (fèn), 期 (qī) (HSK 3)
名目: míng mù — 1. name 2. designation 3. item 4. rubric 5. (formal usage) fame
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
取: qǔ — 1. to take 2. to get 3. to choose 4. to fetch (HSK 2)
新: Xīn — 1. abbr. for Xinjiang 新疆 (Xīn jiāng) 2. abbr. for Singapore 新加坡 (Xīn jiā pō) 3. surname Xin (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
生命: shēng mìng — 1. life (as the characteristic of living beings) 2. living being; creature (classifier: 條 (tiáo)) (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
意思: yì si — 1. idea 2. opinion 3. meaning 4. wish 5. desire 6. interest 7. fun 8. token of appreciation, affection etc 9. classifier: 個 (gè) 10. to give as a small token 11. to do sth as a gesture of goodwill etc (HSK 2)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
我們: wǒ men — we; us; ourselves; our (HSK 1)
那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
大抵: dà dǐ — 1. generally speaking 2. by and large 3. for the most part
帶: dài — 1. band 2. belt 3. girdle 4. ribbon 5. tire 6. area 7. zone 8. region 9. classifier: 條 (tiáo) 10. to wear 11. to carry 12. to take along 13. to bear (i.e. to have) 14. to lead 15. to bring 16. to look after 17. to raise (HSK 2)
些: xiē — classifier indicating a small amount or small number greater than 1: some, a few, several (HSK 4)
復古: fù gǔ — 1. to return to old ways (a Confucian aspiration) 2. to turn back the clock 3. neoclassical school during Tang and Song associated with classical writing 古文 4. retro (fashion style based on nostalgia, esp. for 1960s)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
傾向: qīng xiàng — 1. trend 2. tendency 3. orientation (HSK 6)
所以: suǒ yǐ — 1. therefore 2. as a result 3. so 4. the reason why (HSK 2)
只: zhī — variant of 隻 (zhī) (HSK 2)
謂: Wèi — surname Wei
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
新生: xīn shēng — 1. new 2. newborn 3. emerging 4. nascent 5. rebirth 6. regeneration 7. new life 8. new student (HSK 7-9)

，，，。The publication date of New Life was drawing near, but first several of those responsible for writing quietly withdrew, and then the funds ran off too, so that in the end only three penniless men were left.，，，，。Since the venture had been ill-timed from its very founding, its failure was naturally beyond complaint, and afterward even these three men were each driven off by their separate fates, no longer able to gather together to talk freely of fine dreams for the future — and this was the end of our New Life, which never even came into being.

新生: xīn shēng — 1. new 2. newborn 3. emerging 4. nascent 5. rebirth 6. regeneration 7. new life 8. new student (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
出版: chū bǎn — to publish (HSK 5)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
期: qī — 1. a period of time 2. phase 3. stage 4. classifier for issues of a periodical, courses of study 5. time 6. term 7. period 8. to hope 9. Taiwan pr. (qí) (HSK 3)
接近: jiē jìn — to approach; to get close to (HSK 3)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
最先: zuì xiān — (the) very first
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
隱去: yǐn qù — 1. to disappear 2. to hide
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
若干: ruò gān — 1. a certain number or amount 2. how many? 3. how much? (HSK 7-9)
擔當: dān dāng — 1. to take upon oneself 2. to assume (HSK 7-9)
文字: wén zì — 1. character 2. script 3. writing 4. written language 5. writing style 6. phraseology 7. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
接着: jiē zhe — 1. to catch and hold on 2. to continue 3. to go on to do sth 4. to follow 5. to carry on 6. then 7. after that 8. subsequently 9. to proceed 10. to ensue 11. in turn 12. in one's turn (HSK 2)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
逃走: táo zǒu — 1. to escape 2. to flee 3. to run away (HSK 5)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
資本: zī běn — capital (economics) (HSK 5)
結果: jiē guǒ — to bear fruit (HSK 2)
只: zhī — variant of 隻 (zhī) (HSK 2)
剩下: shèng xià — to remain; to be left over (HSK 5)
不名一錢: bù míng yī qián — to be penniless
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
三: Sān — surname San (HSK 1)
個人: gè rén — an individual; oneself; (attributive) personal; one's own (HSK 3)
創始: chuàng shǐ — to initiate; to found
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
既已: jì yǐ — already
背時: bèi shí — 1. outdated 2. out of luck
失敗: shī bài — 1. to be defeated 2. to lose 3. to fail (e.g. experiments) 4. failure 5. defeat 6. classifier: 次 (cì) (HSK 4)
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
當然: dāng rán — 1. only natural 2. as it should be 3. certainly 4. of course 5. without doubt (HSK 3)
無可: wú kě — can't
吿: gào — variant of 告 (gào)
語: yǔ — 1. dialect 2. language 3. speech
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
其後: qí hòu — 1. next 2. later 3. after that (HSK 7-9)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
連: Lián — surname Lian (HSK 3)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
三: Sān — surname San (HSK 1)
個人: gè rén — an individual; oneself; (attributive) personal; one's own (HSK 3)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
各自: gè zì — 1. each 2. respective 3. apiece (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
運命: yùn mìng — 1. fate 2. one's fortune
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
驅策: qū cè — 1. to urge (sb to do do sth) 2. to drive (sb to take an action)
不能: bù néng — 1. cannot 2. must not 3. should not
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
處: chǔ — 1. to reside 2. to live 3. to dwell 4. to be in 5. to be situated at 6. to stay 7. to get along with 8. to be in a position of 9. to deal with 10. to discipline 11. to punish (HSK 4)
縱談: zòng tán — to talk freely
將來: jiāng lái — 1. in the future 2. future 3. the future 4. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
好: hǎo — 1. good 2. appropriate; proper 3. all right! 4. (before a verb) easy to 5. (before a verb) good to 6. (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so 7. (verb complement indicating completion) 8. (of two people) close; on intimate terms 9. (after a personal pronoun) hello (HSK 1)
夢: mèng — 1. dream (classifier: 場 (cháng)) 2. (bound form) to dream (HSK 4)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
這就: zhè jiù — 1. immediately 2. at once
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
我們: wǒ men — we; us; ourselves; our (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
並未: bìng wèi — (used to stress that sth did not turn out as one might have expected) did not actually ...; has not actually ...
產生: chǎn shēng — 1. to arise; to come into being; to come about 2. to give rise to; to bring into being; to bring about; to produce; to engender; to generate (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
新生: xīn shēng — 1. new 2. newborn 3. emerging 4. nascent 5. rebirth 6. regeneration 7. new life 8. new student (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
結局: jié jú — conclusion; ending; outcome (HSK 7-9)

，。It was after this that I came to feel a boredom I had never before experienced.；At first I did not understand the reason for it;，，，，，，，，，，，，，。but later I thought: when a man puts forward his views, if he meets with approval, that spurs him onward; if he meets with opposition, that spurs him to struggle harder; but when he cries out among living men and the living men give no response at all — neither approval nor opposition — it is as if he stood alone in a boundless wasteland, with nowhere to set his hand. What sorrow that is! And so I came to call what I felt loneliness.

我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
感到: gǎn dào — to feel; to sense; to perceive (HSK 2)
未嘗: wèi cháng — 1. not ever 2. not necessarily
經驗: jīng yàn — 1. experience 2. to go through; to experience (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
無聊: wú liáo — 1. bored 2. boring 3. senseless (HSK 4)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
自此: zì cǐ — 1. since then 2. henceforth
以後: yǐ hòu — 1. after 2. later 3. afterwards 4. following 5. later on 6. in the future (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
當初: dāng chū — 1. at that time 2. originally (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
不知: bù zhī — 1. not to know 2. unaware 3. unknowingly 4. fig. not to admit (defeat, hardships, tiredness etc) (HSK 7-9)
其所: qí suǒ — 1. its place 2. one's appointed place 3. the place for that
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
然: rán — 1. correct 2. right 3. so 4. thus 5. like this 6. -ly
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
後來: hòu lái — 1. afterwards; later 2. newly arrived (HSK 2)
想: xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)
凡: fán — 1. ordinary 2. commonplace 3. mundane 4. temporal 5. of the material world (as opposed to supernatural or immortal levels) 6. every 7. all 8. whatever 9. altogether 10. gist 11. outline 12. note of Chinese musical scale (HSK 7-9)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
主張: zhǔ zhāng — 1. to advocate 2. to stand for 3. view 4. position 5. stand 6. proposition 7. viewpoint 8. assertion 9. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
得了: dé le — 1. all right! 2. that's enough! (HSK 5)
贊: zàn — 1. (bound form) to patronize; to support; to aid 2. (bound form) to praise; to laud
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
促: cù — 1. (bound form) of short duration; hasty; rapid 2. (bound form) to hasten; to hurry; to urge 3. (literary) close by; pressed against
其: qí — 1. his 2. her 3. its 4. their 5. that 6. such 7. it (refers to sth preceding it) (HSK 5)
前進: qián jìn — 1. to go forward 2. to forge ahead 3. to advance 4. onward (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
得了: dé le — 1. all right! 2. that's enough! (HSK 5)
反對: fǎn duì — to oppose; to be against; to object to (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
促: cù — 1. (bound form) of short duration; hasty; rapid 2. (bound form) to hasten; to hurry; to urge 3. (literary) close by; pressed against
其: qí — 1. his 2. her 3. its 4. their 5. that 6. such 7. it (refers to sth preceding it) (HSK 5)
奮: fèn — to exert oneself (bound form)
鬭: dòu — variant of 鬥 (dòu) (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
獨有: dú yǒu — 1. to own exclusively; unique to; specific 2. there is only
叫喊: jiào hǎn — 1. exclamation 2. outcry 3. shout 4. yell
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
生人: shēng rén — 1. stranger 2. living person 3. to give birth 4. to be born (in a certain time or place)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
生人: shēng rén — 1. stranger 2. living person 3. to give birth 4. to be born (in a certain time or place)
並: bìng — 1. and 2. furthermore 3. also 4. together with 5. (not) at all 6. simultaneously 7. to combine 8. to join 9. to merge (HSK 3)
無: mó — used in 南無 (nā mó) (HSK 4)
反應: fǎn yìng — 1. to react 2. to respond 3. reaction 4. response 5. reply 6. chemical reaction 7. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
既: jì — 1. already 2. since 3. both... (and...) (HSK 4)
非: Fēi — abbr. for 非洲 (Fēi zhōu), Africa (HSK 4)
贊同: zàn tóng — to approve of; to agree with (an opinion, action etc); to endorse (HSK 7-9)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
無: mó — used in 南無 (nā mó) (HSK 4)
反對: fǎn duì — to oppose; to be against; to object to (HSK 3)
如: rú — 1. as 2. as if 3. such as (HSK 6)
置身: zhì shēn — to place oneself; to be (in a place or situation)
毫無: háo wú — 1. not in the least 2. to completely lack (HSK 7-9)
邊際: biān jì — 1. limit 2. bound 3. boundary 4. (economics) marginal
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
荒原: huāng yuán — wasteland
無可: wú kě — can't
措手: cuò shǒu — 1. to deal with 2. to manage 3. to proceed
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
怎樣: zěn yàng — 1. how 2. what kind (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
悲哀: bēi āi — 1. grieved 2. sorrowful (HSK 7-9)
呵: ā — variant of 啊 (ā)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
于是: yú shì — thereupon; as a result; consequently; thus; hence (HSK 4)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
感到: gǎn dào — to feel; to sense; to perceive (HSK 2)
者: zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)

，，。This loneliness grew larger day by day, coiling round my soul like a great venomous snake.

這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
天: tiān — 1. day 2. sky 3. heaven (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
天: tiān — 1. day 2. sky 3. heaven (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
長大: zhǎng dà — to grow up (HSK 2)
起來: qǐ lai — 1. to stand up; to get up 2. also pr. (qǐ lái) (HSK 1)
如: rú — 1. as 2. as if 3. such as (HSK 6)
大: dà — 1. big; large; great 2. older (than another person) 3. eldest (as in 大姐 (dà jiě)) 4. greatly; freely; fully 5. (dialect) father 6. (dialect) uncle (father's brother) (HSK 1)
毒蛇: dú shé — viper
纏: chán — 1. to wind around 2. to wrap round 3. to coil 4. tangle 5. to involve 6. to bother 7. to annoy (HSK 7-9)
住: zhù — 1. to live; to reside; to stay 2. to stop; to cease 3. (result complement indicating firmness or a stable achieved state) (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
靈魂: líng hún — 1. soul 2. spirit (HSK 7-9)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

，，，：。And yet, though I bore this groundless sorrow of my own, I felt no resentment, for this experience made me reflect and see myself clearly: that I was by no means a hero of the sort who raises an arm and calls, and a crowd gathers in response.

然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
雖然: suī rán — although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 (kě shì) or 但是 (dàn shì) etc) (HSK 2)
自有: zì yǒu — 1. (I, they etc) of course have (a plan, a way etc) 2. one's own (apartment, brand etc)
無端: wú duān — for no reason at all
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
悲哀: bēi āi — 1. grieved 2. sorrowful (HSK 7-9)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
並不: bìng bù — not at all; by no means
憤懣: fèn mèn — 1. depressed 2. resentful 3. discontented 4. indignant 5. perturbed
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
經驗: jīng yàn — 1. experience 2. to go through; to experience (HSK 3)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
反省: fǎn xǐng — 1. to reflect upon oneself 2. to examine one's conscience 3. to question oneself 4. to search one's soul (HSK 7-9)
看見: kàn jiàn — to see; to catch sight of (HSK 1)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
就是: jiù shì — 1. exactly; precisely 2. only; simply; just 3. (used correlatively with 也 (yě)) even; even if (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
決不: jué bù — 1. not at all 2. simply (can) not (HSK 5)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
振臂一呼: zhèn bì yī hū — (idiom) to issue a call for action; to raise one's hand and issue a rousing call
應: Yīng — 1. surname Ying 2. Taiwan pr. (Yìng) (HSK 4)
者: zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this
雲集: yún jí — 1. to gather (in a crowd) 2. to converge 3. to swarm
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
英雄: yīng xióng — 1. hero 2. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 6)

，。Only, my own loneliness was something I could not help but drive away, for it was too painful for me.，，，，、，，，，。So I used all manner of methods to numb my own soul, to sink myself among the common people, to send myself back into ancient times. Later I also went through, or witnessed, a few things even more lonely and more sorrowful, all of which I have no wish to recall, content to let them vanish into the earth together with my brain; but my method of numbing myself seemed indeed to have taken effect, and I no longer felt the fervor and passion of my youth.

只是: zhǐ shì — 1. merely; only; just; nothing but 2. simply 3. but; however (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
不可: bù kě — cannot; should not; must not
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
驅除: qū chú — 1. to drive off 2. to dispel 3. to expel
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
太: tài — 1. highest 2. greatest 3. too (much) 4. very 5. extremely (HSK 1)
痛苦: tòng kǔ — 1. pain 2. suffering 3. painful 4. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
于是: yú shì — thereupon; as a result; consequently; thus; hence (HSK 4)
用: yòng — 1. to use; to make use of; to employ 2. (coverb) with; using 3. to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) 4. usefulness; utility 5. (bound form) expense; outlay 6. (courteous) to eat; to drink 7. (literary) hence; therefore (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
種種: zhǒng zhǒng — all kinds of (HSK 6)
法: Fǎ — 1. France 2. French 3. abbr. for 法國 (Fǎ guó) 4. Taiwan pr. (Fà) (HSK 4)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
麻醉: má zuì — 1. anesthesia 2. to anesthetize; (fig.) to corrupt (sb's mind); to enervate; to numb the mind (to escape from harsh reality) (HSK 7-9)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
靈魂: líng hún — 1. soul 2. spirit (HSK 7-9)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
沈: Shěn — surname Shen
入: rù — 1. to enter; to go into 2. to join; to become a member of 3. (bound form) to conform to (as in 入時 (rù shí)) 4. abbr. for 入聲 (rù shēng) 5. (on product packaging, after {number n} + {classifier}) containing (n pieces) (from Japanese 入 "iri") (HSK 6)
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
國民: guó mín — 1. nationals 2. citizens 3. people of a nation (HSK 5)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
回到: huí dào — to return to (HSK 1)
古代: gǔ dài — ancient times (HSK 3)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
後來: hòu lái — 1. afterwards; later 2. newly arrived (HSK 2)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
親歷: qīn lì — to personally experience
或: huò — 1. maybe 2. perhaps 3. might 4. possibly 5. or (HSK 2)
旁觀: páng guān — 1. spectator 2. non-participant (HSK 7-9)
過: Guō — surname Guo (HSK 1)
幾樣: jǐ yàng — several kinds
更: gēng — 1. to change or replace 2. to experience 3. one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was formerly divided 4. watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard) (HSK 2)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)
更: gēng — 1. to change or replace 2. to experience 3. one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was formerly divided 4. watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard) (HSK 2)
悲哀: bēi āi — 1. grieved 2. sorrowful (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
不願: bù yuàn — unwilling
追懷: zhuī huái — 1. to recall 2. to bring to mind 3. to reminisce
甘心: gān xīn — 1. to be willing to 2. to resign oneself to (HSK 7-9)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
他們: tā men — they; them (HSK 1)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
腦: nǎo — 1. brain 2. mind 3. head 4. essence
一同: yī tóng — together (HSK 6)
消滅: xiāo miè — 1. to put an end to 2. to annihilate 3. to cause to perish 4. to perish 5. annihilation (in quantum field theory) (HSK 6)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
泥土: ní tǔ — earth; soil; mud; clay (HSK 7-9)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
麻醉: má zuì — 1. anesthesia 2. to anesthetize; (fig.) to corrupt (sb's mind); to enervate; to numb the mind (to escape from harsh reality) (HSK 7-9)
法: Fǎ — 1. France 2. French 3. abbr. for 法國 (Fǎ guó) 4. Taiwan pr. (Fà) (HSK 4)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
似乎: sì hū — it seems; seemingly; as if (HSK 4)
已經: yǐ jīng — already (HSK 2)
奏: zòu — 1. to play music 2. to achieve 3. to present a memorial to the emperor (old) (HSK 6)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
功: gōng — 1. meritorious deed or service 2. achievement 3. result 4. service 5. accomplishment 6. work (physics) (HSK 7-9)
再: zài — 1. again; once more; re- 2. further; beyond this point of time 3. (before an adjective) more 4. then (after sth, and not until then) 5. no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 (yě) or 都 (dōu) for emphasis) 6. (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則 (zài zé), 再就是 (zài jiù shì) etc) 7. (literary) to reappear; to reoccur (HSK 1)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
靑: qīng — variant of 青 (qīng)
年: Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
慷慨激昂: kāng kǎi jī áng — 1. impassioned 2. vehement
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
意思: yì si — 1. idea 2. opinion 3. meaning 4. wish 5. desire 6. interest 7. fun 8. token of appreciation, affection etc 9. classifier: 個 (gè) 10. to give as a small token 11. to do sth as a gesture of goodwill etc (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

Ｓ，，，；In the S Hostel there were three rooms, of which it was said that long ago a woman had hanged herself on the scholar tree in the courtyard; now the tree had grown too tall to climb, and these rooms still stood unoccupied;，。for many years I lodged in these rooms, copying out ancient inscriptions.，，，。Few visitors came to see me there, and among the ancient inscriptions I encountered no questions or doctrines either, yet my life was thereby quietly slipping away — and this was in fact my sole wish.，，，，。On summer nights, when the mosquitoes grew thick, I would sit beneath the scholar tree fanning myself with a cattail-leaf fan, watching the bits of blue sky through the gaps in the dense leaves, while the tree's inchworms, coming out late in the evening, would often drop cold onto the back of my neck.

會館: huì guǎn — provincial or county guild hall
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
三: Sān — surname San (HSK 1)
間: jiān — 1. between 2. among 3. within a definite time or space 4. room 5. section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6. classifier for rooms (HSK 1)
屋: wū — 1. (bound form) house 2. (bound form) room (HSK 5)
相傳: xiāng chuán — 1. to pass on 2. to hand down 3. tradition has it that ... 4. according to legend (HSK 7-9)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
往昔: wǎng xī — the past
曾: Zēng — surname Zeng (HSK 4)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
院子: yuàn zi — 1. courtyard 2. garden 3. yard 4. patio 5. classifier: 個 (gè) 6. (old) servant (HSK 2)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
槐樹: huái shù — locust tree (Sophora japonica) (HSK 7-9)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
縊死: yì sǐ — 1. to execute by hanging 2. to hang oneself
過: Guō — surname Guo (HSK 1)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
女人: nǚ rén — woman (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
槐樹: huái shù — locust tree (Sophora japonica) (HSK 7-9)
已經: yǐ jīng — already (HSK 2)
高不可攀: gāo bù kě pān — too high to reach (idiom); eminent and unapproachable
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
屋: wū — 1. (bound form) house 2. (bound form) room (HSK 5)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
住: zhù — 1. to live; to reside; to stay 2. to stop; to cease 3. (result complement indicating firmness or a stable achieved state) (HSK 1)
許多: xǔ duō — 1. many 2. a lot of 3. much (HSK 2)
年: Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
寓: yù — 1. (bound form) to reside; to inhabit 2. (bound form) residence; dwelling 3. (bound form) to imply; to place; to contain (sth abstract)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
屋: wū — 1. (bound form) house 2. (bound form) room (HSK 5)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
鈔: chāo — 1. money 2. paper money 3. variant of 抄 (chāo)
古: Gǔ — surname Gu (HSK 3)
碑: bēi — 1. a monument 2. an upright stone tablet 3. stele 4. classifier: 塊 (kuài), 面 (miàn) (HSK 7-9)
客: kè — 1. customer; visitor; guest 2. classifier for servings or portions (when ordering food)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
少有: shǎo yǒu — 1. rare 2. infrequent (HSK 7-9)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
古: Gǔ — surname Gu (HSK 3)
碑: bēi — 1. a monument 2. an upright stone tablet 3. stele 4. classifier: 塊 (kuài), 面 (miàn) (HSK 7-9)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
遇: Yù — surname Yu (HSK 4)
不到: bù dào — 1. not to arrive 2. not reaching 3. insufficient 4. less than
什: shén — what
麽: me — variant of 麼 (me)
問題: wèn tí — 1. question 2. problem 3. issue 4. topic 5. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 2)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
主義: zhǔ yì — 1. -ism 2. ideology (HSK 7-9)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
生命: shēng mìng — 1. life (as the characteristic of living beings) 2. living being; creature (classifier: 條 (tiáo)) (HSK 3)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
居然: jū rán — 1. unexpectedly 2. to one's surprise 3. go so far as to (HSK 5)
暗暗: àn àn — 1. secretly 2. inwardly
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
消去: xiāo qù — to eliminate
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
也就是: yě jiù shì — in other words; i.e.
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
惟一: wéi yī — variant of 唯一 (wéi yī)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
願望: yuàn wàng — 1. desire 2. wish (HSK 3)
夏: Xià — 1. the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC 2. Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407–432) 3. surname Xia
夜: yè — night (HSK 2)
蚊子: wén zi — mosquito (HSK 7-9)
多: duō — 1. many; much; more; a lot of 2. too many; in excess 3. (after a numeral) ... odd 4. how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. (duó)) 5. (bound form) multi-; poly- (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
搖: Yáo — surname Yao (HSK 4)
着: zhāo — variant of 著 (zhāo) (HSK 1)
蒲扇: pú shàn — 1. palm-leaf fan 2. cattail-leaf fan
坐: Zuò — surname Zuo (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
槐樹: huái shù — locust tree (Sophora japonica) (HSK 7-9)
下: xià — 1. down 2. downwards 3. below 4. lower 5. later 6. next (week etc) 7. second (of two parts) 8. to decline 9. to go down 10. to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 11. measure word to show the frequency of an action (HSK 1)
從: Cóng — surname Cong (HSK 1)
密: Mì — 1. surname Mi 2. name of an ancient state (HSK 4)
葉: Yè — surname Ye
縫: féng — 1. to sew 2. to stitch (HSK 7-9)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
一點一點: yī diǎn yī diǎn — 1. little by little 2. bit by bit 3. gradually
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
靑: qīng — variant of 青 (qīng)
天: tiān — 1. day 2. sky 3. heaven (HSK 1)
晚: wǎn — 1. evening 2. night 3. late (HSK 1)
出: chū — 1. to go out; to come out 2. to arise; to occur 3. to produce; to yield 4. to go beyond; to exceed 5. (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) 6. classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
槐: huái — 1. Chinese scholar tree (Sophora japonica) 2. Japanese pagoda tree
蠶: cán — silkworm
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
每每: měi měi — often
冰冷: bīng lěng — ice-cold
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
落: là — 1. to leave out 2. to be missing 3. to leave behind or forget to bring 4. to lag or fall behind (HSK 4)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
頭頸: tóu jǐng — (dialect) neck
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)

，，，，，。The one who occasionally came to talk with me in those days was an old friend, Jin Xinyi, who would set his large briefcase down on the shabby table, take off his long gown, and sit down across from me, his heart it seemed still pounding from his fear of the dog.

那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
偶: ǒu — 1. accidental 2. image 3. pair 4. mate
或: huò — 1. maybe 2. perhaps 3. might 4. possibly 5. or (HSK 2)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
談: Tán — surname Tan (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
老朋友: lǎo péng you — 1. old friend 2. (slang) period 3. menstruation (HSK 2)
金: Jīn — 1. surname Jin 2. surname Kim (Korean) 3. Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234) (HSK 3)
心: xīn — 1. heart 2. mind 3. intention 4. center 5. core 6. classifier: 顆 (kē), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
異: yì — 1. different 2. other 3. hetero- 4. unusual 5. strange 6. surprising 7. to distinguish 8. to separate 9. to discriminate
將: jiāng — 1. will 2. shall 3. to use 4. to take 5. to checkmate 6. just a short while ago 7. (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把 (bǎ)) (HSK 5)
手提: shǒu tí — portable
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
大: dà — 1. big; large; great 2. older (than another person) 3. eldest (as in 大姐 (dà jiě)) 4. greatly; freely; fully 5. (dialect) father 6. (dialect) uncle (father's brother) (HSK 1)
皮夾: pí jiā — 1. wallet 2. Taiwan pr. (pí jiá)
放: fàng — 1. to put 2. to place 3. to release 4. to free 5. to let go 6. to let out 7. to set off (fireworks) (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
破: pò — 1. broken 2. damaged 3. worn out 4. lousy 5. rotten 6. to break, split or cleave 7. to get rid of 8. to destroy 9. to break with 10. to defeat 11. to capture (a city etc) 12. to expose the truth of (HSK 3)
桌: zhuō — 1. table 2. desk 3. classifier for tables of guests at a banquet etc
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
脫下: tuō xià — to take off (clothing)
長衫: cháng shān — 1. long gown 2. cheongsam 3. traditional Asian dress for men or (in Hong Kong) women's qipao
對面: duì miàn — 1. (sitting) opposite 2. across (the street) 3. directly in front 4. to be face to face (HSK 2)
坐下: zuò xia — to sit down (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
怕: Pà — surname Pa (HSK 2)
狗: gǒu — 1. dog 2. classifier: 隻 (zhī), 條 (tiáo) (HSK 2)
似乎: sì hū — it seems; seemingly; as if (HSK 4)
心房: xīn fáng — 1. heart (as the seat of emotions) 2. cardiac atrium
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
怦怦: pēng pēng — 1. thumping sound (onom.) 2. to be eager and anxious (to do sth) 3. faithful and upright
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
跳動: tiào dòng — 1. to throb 2. to pulse 3. to bounce 4. to jiggle 5. to jump about (HSK 7-9)

『？』，，。'What use is there in copying all this out?' One night, leafing through my transcriptions of the ancient inscriptions, he put this question to me, as if in inquiry.

你: nǐ — you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 (nín)) (HSK 1)
鈔: chāo — 1. money 2. paper money 3. variant of 抄 (chāo)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
這些: zhè xiē — these (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
什: shén — what
麽: me — variant of 麼 (me)
用: yòng — 1. to use; to make use of; to employ 2. (coverb) with; using 3. to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) 4. usefulness; utility 5. (bound form) expense; outlay 6. (courteous) to eat; to drink 7. (literary) hence; therefore (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
夜: yè — night (HSK 2)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
翻: fān — 1. to turn over 2. to flip over 3. to overturn 4. to rummage through 5. to translate 6. to decode 7. to double 8. to climb over or into 9. to cross (HSK 4)
着: zhāo — variant of 著 (zhāo) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
古: Gǔ — surname Gu (HSK 3)
碑: bēi — 1. a monument 2. an upright stone tablet 3. stele 4. classifier: 塊 (kuài), 面 (miàn) (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
鈔: chāo — 1. money 2. paper money 3. variant of 抄 (chāo)
本: běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)
發: fā — 1. to send out 2. to show (one's feeling) 3. to issue 4. to develop 5. to make a bundle of money 6. classifier for gunshots (rounds) (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
硏: yán — variant of 研 (yán)
究: jiū — 1. after all 2. to investigate 3. to study carefully 4. Taiwan pr. (jiù)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
質問: zhì wèn — 1. to question 2. to ask questions 3. to inquire 4. to bring to account 5. to interrogate (HSK 7-9)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

『。』'No use at all.'

『，？』'Then what is your purpose in copying it?'

『。』'No purpose at all.'

『，……』'I think you might write something...'

，，，，，，：I understood what he meant. They were then running New Youth, but at that time it seemed no one came forward either to support or to oppose it, and I thought they must be feeling lonely too. But I said:

我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
懂得: dǒng de — to understand; to know; to comprehend (HSK 2)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
意思: yì si — 1. idea 2. opinion 3. meaning 4. wish 5. desire 6. interest 7. fun 8. token of appreciation, affection etc 9. classifier: 個 (gè) 10. to give as a small token 11. to do sth as a gesture of goodwill etc (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
他們: tā men — they; them (HSK 1)
正: zhēng — first month of the lunar year (HSK 1)
辦: bàn — 1. to take care of (a matter); to deal with (a task, procedure etc); to organize (an event) 2. to establish; to set up; to manage; to run (an enterprise) 3. (law) to handle; to investigate; to prosecute (a case or suspect) 4. (bound form) office (as in 招辦 (zhāo bàn), admissions office) (abbr. for 辦公室 (bàn gōng shì)) (HSK 2)
新: Xīn — 1. abbr. for Xinjiang 新疆 (Xīn jiāng) 2. abbr. for Singapore 新加坡 (Xīn jiā pō) 3. surname Xin (HSK 1)
靑: qīng — variant of 青 (qīng)
年: Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
彷彿: fǎng fú — 1. to seem; as if; seemingly 2. alike; similar (HSK 6)
不特: bù tè — not only
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
贊同: zàn tóng — to approve of; to agree with (an opinion, action etc); to endorse (HSK 7-9)
並且: bìng qiě — and; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition (HSK 3)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
反對: fǎn duì — to oppose; to be against; to object to (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
想: xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)
他們: tā men — they; them (HSK 1)
許: Xǔ — surname Xu (HSK 7-9)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
感到: gǎn dào — to feel; to sense; to perceive (HSK 2)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
但是: dàn shì — but; however (HSK 2)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)

『，，，，，。'Imagine an iron house without a single window, utterly indestructible, with many people inside fast asleep, who will soon suffocate to death. But since they will pass from slumber straight into extinction, they will not feel the sorrow of impending death.，，，？』Now if you were to cry out loudly and rouse a few of the lighter sleepers, causing these unfortunate few to suffer the agony of a death that cannot be averted, would you say you had done right by them?'

假如: jiǎ rú — if (HSK 4)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
間: jiān — 1. between 2. among 3. within a definite time or space 4. room 5. section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6. classifier for rooms (HSK 1)
鐵: Tiě — surname Tie (HSK 3)
屋子: wū zi — 1. house 2. room 3. classifier: 間 (jiān) (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
絕: jué — 1. to cut short 2. extinct 3. to disappear 4. to vanish 5. absolutely 6. by no means (HSK 6)
無: mó — used in 南無 (nā mó) (HSK 4)
窗戶: chuāng hu — 1. window 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 扇 (shàn) (HSK 4)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
萬難: wàn nán — 1. countless difficulties 2. extremely difficult 3. against all odds
破: pò — 1. broken 2. damaged 3. worn out 4. lousy 5. rotten 6. to break, split or cleave 7. to get rid of 8. to destroy 9. to break with 10. to defeat 11. to capture (a city etc) 12. to expose the truth of (HSK 3)
毀: huǐ — 1. to destroy; to ruin 2. to defame; to slander (HSK 6)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
裏面: lǐ miàn — variant of 裡面 (lǐ miàn) (HSK 3)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
許多: xǔ duō — 1. many 2. a lot of 3. much (HSK 2)
熟睡: shú shuì — 1. asleep 2. sleeping soundly
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人們: rén men — people (HSK 2)
不久: bù jiǔ — 1. not long (after) 2. before too long 3. soon 4. soon after (HSK 2)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
悶: mēn — 1. stuffy 2. shut indoors 3. to smother 4. to cover tightly (HSK 7-9)
死: sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
從: Cóng — surname Cong (HSK 1)
昏睡: hūn shuì — to sleep heavily (due to illness, fatigue etc)
入: rù — 1. to enter; to go into 2. to join; to become a member of 3. (bound form) to conform to (as in 入時 (rù shí)) 4. abbr. for 入聲 (rù shēng) 5. (on product packaging, after {number n} + {classifier}) containing (n pieces) (from Japanese 入 "iri") (HSK 6)
死: sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)
滅: miè — 1. to extinguish or put out 2. to go out (of a fire etc) 3. to exterminate or wipe out 4. to drown (HSK 6)
並不: bìng bù — not at all; by no means
感到: gǎn dào — to feel; to sense; to perceive (HSK 2)
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
死: sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
悲哀: bēi āi — 1. grieved 2. sorrowful (HSK 7-9)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
你: nǐ — you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 (nín)) (HSK 1)
大: dà — 1. big; large; great 2. older (than another person) 3. eldest (as in 大姐 (dà jiě)) 4. greatly; freely; fully 5. (dialect) father 6. (dialect) uncle (father's brother) (HSK 1)
嚷: rǎng — 1. to shout 2. to bellow 3. to make a big deal of sth 4. to make a fuss about sth (HSK 7-9)
起來: qǐ lai — 1. to stand up; to get up 2. also pr. (qǐ lái) (HSK 1)
驚起: jīng qǐ — 1. to give a start 2. to startle (an animal etc)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
較: jiào — 1. (bound form) to compare 2. (literary) to dispute 3. compared to 4. (before an adjective) relatively; comparatively; rather 5. also pr. (jiǎo) (HSK 3)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
淸: qīng — variant of 清 (qīng)
醒: xǐng — 1. to wake up 2. to be awake 3. to become aware 4. to sober up 5. to come to (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
幾個: jǐ ge — 1. a few 2. several 3. how many
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
這不: zhè bu — (coll.) As a matter of fact, ... (used to introduce evidence for what one has just asserted)
幸: Xìng — surname Xing
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
少數: shǎo shù — 1. small number 2. few 3. minority (HSK 2)
者: zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
受: shòu — 1. to receive 2. to accept 3. to suffer 4. subjected to 5. to bear 6. to stand 7. pleasant 8. (passive marker) 9. (LGBT) bottom (HSK 3)
無可: wú kě — can't
挽救: wǎn jiù — 1. to save 2. to remedy 3. to rescue (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
臨終: lín zhōng — approaching death; on one's deathbed
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
苦楚: kǔ chǔ — 1. suffering 2. misery 3. pain (esp. psychological)
你: nǐ — you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 (nín)) (HSK 1)
倒: dǎo — 1. to fall; to collapse; to lie horizontally 2. to fail; to go bankrupt 3. to overthrow 4. to change (trains or buses) 5. to move around 6. to resell at a profit (HSK 2)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
對得起: duì de qǐ — 1. not to let sb down 2. to treat sb fairly 3. be worthy of (HSK 7-9)
他們: tā men — they; them (HSK 1)
麽: me — variant of 麼 (me)

『，。』'And yet, if a few were roused, you cannot say there is no hope at all of destroying the iron house.'

，，，，，，，，。True — though I had my own convictions, when it came to hope, I could not deny it altogether, for hope lies in the future, and I could never use my own proof of certain impossibility to overrule his claim that it might be possible. And so in the end I agreed to write something for him too, and this was the first piece, A Madman's Diary.，，，，。From then on there was no stopping — I kept writing pieces that took the shape of fiction, to satisfy my friends' requests, and over time they accumulated to more than ten.

是的: shì de — 1. yes, that's right 2. variant of 似的 (shì de)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
雖然: suī rán — although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 (kě shì) or 但是 (dàn shì) etc) (HSK 2)
自有: zì yǒu — 1. (I, they etc) of course have (a plan, a way etc) 2. one's own (apartment, brand etc)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的確: dí què — 1. really 2. indeed (HSK 4)
信: xìn — 1. letter 2. mail 3. classifier: 封 (fēng) 4. to trust 5. to believe 6. to profess faith in 7. truthful 8. confidence 9. trust 10. at will 11. at random (HSK 2)
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
說到: shuō dào — 1. to talk about 2. to mention 3. (preposition) as for
希望: xī wàng — 1. to hope 2. a hope; a wish (HSK 3)
卻是: què shì — 1. nevertheless 2. actually 3. the fact is ... (HSK 6)
不能: bù néng — 1. cannot 2. must not 3. should not
抹殺: mǒ shā — 1. to erase 2. to cover traces 3. to obliterate evidence 4. to expunge 5. to blot out 6. to suppress
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
希望: xī wàng — 1. to hope 2. a hope; a wish (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
在于: zài yú — 1. to rest with; to lie in; to be due to (a certain attribute) 2. (of a matter) to be determined by; to be up to (sb) (HSK 4)
將來: jiāng lái — 1. in the future 2. future 3. the future 4. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
決不: jué bù — 1. not at all 2. simply (can) not (HSK 5)
能: Néng — surname Neng (HSK 1)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
必: bì — 1. certainly 2. must 3. will 4. necessarily (HSK 5)
無: mó — used in 南無 (nā mó) (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
證明: zhèng míng — 1. proof 2. certificate 3. identification 4. testimonial 5. classifier: 個 (gè) 6. to prove 7. to testify 8. to confirm the truth of (HSK 3)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
折服: zhé fú — 1. to convince 2. to subdue 3. to be convinced 4. to be bowled over
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
所謂: suǒ wèi — 1. what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... 2. (derog.) so-called (HSK 7-9)
可: kě — 1. (prefix) can; may; able to; -able 2. to approve; to permit 3. to suit 4. (particle used for emphasis) certainly; very 5. but; however (HSK 5)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
于是: yú shì — thereupon; as a result; consequently; thus; hence (HSK 4)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
終: zhōng — 1. end 2. finish
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
答應: dā ying — 1. to answer; to respond 2. to answer positively; to agree; to accept; to promise (HSK 2)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
做文章: zuò wén zhāng — 1. to make an issue of sth 2. to fuss 3. to make a song and dance
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
便是: biàn shì — 1. (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) 2. precisely 3. exactly 4. even 5. if 6. just like 7. in the same way as (HSK 6)
最初: zuì chū — 1. first 2. primary 3. initial 4. original 5. at first 6. initially 7. originally (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
篇: piān — 1. sheet 2. piece of writing 3. bound set of bamboo slips used for record keeping (old) 4. classifier for written items: chapter, article (HSK 2)
狂人日記: Kuáng rén Rì jì — Diary of a Madman by Lu Xun 魯迅 (Lǔ Xùn)
從此: cóng cǐ — 1. from now on 2. since then 3. henceforth (HSK 4)
以後: yǐ hòu — 1. after 2. later 3. afterwards 4. following 5. later on 6. in the future (HSK 2)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
一發而不可收: yī fā ér bù kě shōu — to be impossible to stop once started
每: měi — 1. each 2. every (HSK 3)
寫: xiě — to write (HSK 1)
些: xiē — classifier indicating a small amount or small number greater than 1: some, a few, several (HSK 4)
小說: xiǎo shuō — 1. novel 2. fiction 3. classifier: 本 (běn), 部 (bù) (HSK 2)
模樣: mú yàng — 1. look 2. style 3. appearance 4. approximation 5. about 6. classifier: 個 (gè) 7. also pr. (mó yàng) (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
文章: wén zhāng — 1. article 2. essay 3. literary works 4. writings 5. hidden meaning 6. classifier: 篇 (piān), 段 (duàn), 頁 (yè) (HSK 3)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
敷衍: fū yǎn — 1. to elaborate (on a theme) 2. to expound (the classics) 3. perfunctory 4. to skimp 5. to botch 6. to do sth half-heartedly or just for show 7. barely enough to get by
朋友: péng you — 1. friend 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi) (HSK 1)
們: men — plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
囑託: zhǔ tuō — to entrust a task to sb else
積久: jī jiǔ — to accumulate over time
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
有了: yǒu le — 1. I've got a solution! 2. to have a bun in the oven (abbr. for 有了胎 (yǒu le tāi))
十: shí — 1. ten 2. 10 (HSK 1)
餘: yú — 1. extra 2. surplus 3. remaining 4. remainder after division 5. (following numerical value) or more 6. in excess of (some number) 7. residue (math.) 8. after 9. I 10. me (HSK 7-9)
篇: piān — 1. sheet 2. piece of writing 3. bound set of bamboo slips used for record keeping (old) 4. classifier for written items: chapter, article (HSK 2)

，，，，，。As for myself, I had thought that I was by now no longer a man driven by such urgency that he could not help but speak; yet perhaps I still had not been able to forget the sorrow of my own loneliness in those days, and so at times I still could not help but raise a few cries of outcry, if only to comfort the brave fighters galloping on in loneliness, so that they need not fear to advance in the vanguard.，，；As for whether my cries were valiant or sorrowful, hateful or laughable, that was not something I had the leisure to consider;，，，，，，，，。but since these were meant as outcries, I naturally had to follow the commander's orders, and so I often did not scruple to bend my brush — adding, out of nothing, a wreath of flowers to Yu'er's grave in Medicine, and, in Tomorrow, not relating how Fourth Sister Shan failed even to dream of seeing her son — because the commander-in-chief of that time did not approve of pessimism; and for my own part, I was also unwilling to pass on the loneliness I took to be my own suffering to young people who, like myself in my youthful days, were still dreaming fine dreams.

在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
本: běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
已經: yǐ jīng — already (HSK 2)
並非: bìng fēi — really isn't (HSK 7-9)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
切迫: qiè pò — urgent
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
不能: bù néng — 1. cannot 2. must not 3. should not
已: yǐ — 1. already 2. to stop 3. then 4. afterwards (HSK 3)
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
言: yán — 1. words 2. speech 3. to say 4. to talk
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
或者: huò zhě — 1. or 2. possibly; maybe; perhaps (HSK 2)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
未能: wèi néng — 1. cannot 2. to fail to 3. unable to
忘懷: wàng huái — to forget
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
當日: dāng rì — on that day (HSK 7-9)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
悲哀: bēi āi — 1. grieved 2. sorrowful (HSK 7-9)
罷: bà — 1. to stop 2. to cease 3. to dismiss 4. to suspend 5. to quit 6. to finish
所以: suǒ yǐ — 1. therefore 2. as a result 3. so 4. the reason why (HSK 2)
有時候: yǒu shí hou — sometimes (HSK 1)
仍: réng — 1. still; yet 2. to remain 3. (literary) frequently; often (HSK 3)
不免: bù miǎn — inevitably (HSK 5)
吶喊: nà hǎn — 1. shout 2. rallying cry 3. cheering 4. to shout (HSK 7-9)
幾: jī — (literary) almost (HSK 1)
聲: shēng — 1. sound 2. voice 3. tone 4. noise 5. reputation 6. classifier for sounds (HSK 5)
聊以: liáo yǐ — to use it (or do it) for the purpose of (allaying hunger, relieving boredom etc) to some extent
慰藉: wèi jiè — to console; to comfort
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
奔馳: Bēn chí — Mercedes-Benz, German car maker
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
猛: měng — 1. ferocious 2. fierce 3. violent 4. brave 5. suddenly 6. abrupt 7. (slang) awesome (HSK 6)
士: Shì — surname Shi
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
不憚: bù dàn — (literary) unafraid
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
前驅: qián qū — 1. precursor 2. pioneer
至于: zhì yú — 1. as for 2. as to 3. to go so far as to (HSK 6)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
喊聲: hǎn shēng — 1. to yell 2. hubbub
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
勇猛: yǒng měng — 1. bold and powerful 2. brave and fierce
或是: huò shì — 1. or 2. either one or the other (HSK 5)
悲哀: bēi āi — 1. grieved 2. sorrowful (HSK 7-9)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
可憎: kě zēng — disgusting
或是: huò shì — 1. or 2. either one or the other (HSK 5)
可笑: kě xiào — 1. funny 2. ridiculous (HSK 7-9)
那倒是: nà dào shi — Oh that's true! (interjection of sudden realization)
不暇: bù xiá — 1. to have no time (for sth) 2. to be too busy (to do sth)
顧及: gù jí — 1. to take into consideration 2. to attend to (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
既然: jì rán — since; as; this being the case (HSK 4)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
吶喊: nà hǎn — 1. shout 2. rallying cry 3. cheering 4. to shout (HSK 7-9)
則: zé — 1. (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then 2. (bound form) standard; norm 3. (bound form) principle 4. (literary) to imitate; to follow 5. classifier for written items (HSK 7-9)
當然: dāng rán — 1. only natural 2. as it should be 3. certainly 4. of course 5. without doubt (HSK 3)
須: xū — 1. must 2. to have to 3. to wait (HSK 7-9)
聽: tīng — 1. to listen to; to hear 2. to heed; to obey 3. a can (loanword from English "tin") 4. classifier for canned beverages 5. to let be; to allow (Taiwan pr. (tìng)) 6. (literary) to administer; to deal with (Taiwan pr. (tìng)) (HSK 1)
將令: jiàng lìng — 1. (old) (military) a command 2. an order
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
所以: suǒ yǐ — 1. therefore 2. as a result 3. so 4. the reason why (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
往往: wǎng wǎng — 1. usually 2. in many cases 3. more often than not (HSK 3)
不恤: bù xù — 1. not to worry 2. not to show concern
用: yòng — 1. to use; to make use of; to employ 2. (coverb) with; using 3. to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) 4. usefulness; utility 5. (bound form) expense; outlay 6. (courteous) to eat; to drink 7. (literary) hence; therefore (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
曲筆: qū bǐ — 1. falsification in writing 2. misrepresentation in written history 3. deliberate digression
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
藥: yào — 1. medicine 2. drug 3. substance used for a specific purpose (e.g. poisoning, explosion, fermenting) 4. classifier: 種 (zhǒng), 服 (fù), 味 (wèi) 5. to poison (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
瑜: yú — 1. excellence 2. luster of gems
兒: ér — 1. child 2. son
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
墳: fén — 1. grave 2. tomb 3. classifier: 座 (zuò) 4. embankment 5. mound 6. ancient book (HSK 7-9)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
平空: píng kōng — variant of 憑空 (píng kōng)
添: tiān — to add; to increase; to replenish (HSK 6)
上一個: shàng yī ge — previous one
花環: huā huán — 1. garland 2. floral hoop
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
明天: míng tiān — tomorrow (HSK 1)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
敍: xù — variant of 敘 (xù)
單: Shàn — surname Shan (HSK 4)
四: sì — 1. four 2. 4 (HSK 1)
嫂子: sǎo zi — (coll.) older brother's wife; sister-in-law (HSK 7-9)
竟: jìng — 1. unexpectedly 2. actually 3. to go so far as to 4. indeed (HSK 7-9)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
做到: zuò dào — 1. to accomplish 2. to achieve (HSK 2)
看見: kàn jiàn — to see; to catch sight of (HSK 1)
兒子: ér zi — son (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
夢: mèng — 1. dream (classifier: 場 (cháng)) 2. (bound form) to dream (HSK 4)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
主將: zhǔ jiàng — 1. commander-in-chief (military) 2. star player (sports) 3. key figure (in an organization)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
主張: zhǔ zhāng — 1. to advocate 2. to stand for 3. view 4. position 5. stand 6. proposition 7. viewpoint 8. assertion 9. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
消極: xiāo jí — 1. negative 2. passive 3. inactive (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
至于: zhì yú — 1. as for 2. as to 3. to go so far as to (HSK 6)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
並不: bìng bù — not at all; by no means
願: yuàn — 1. (bound form) wish; hope; desire 2. to be willing 3. to wish (that sth may happen); may ... 4. vow; pledge (HSK 5)
將: jiāng — 1. will 2. shall 3. to use 4. to take 5. to checkmate 6. just a short while ago 7. (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把 (bǎ)) (HSK 5)
自: zì — 1. (bound form) self; oneself 2. from; since 3. naturally; as a matter of course (HSK 4)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
苦: kǔ — 1. bitter 2. hardship 3. pain 4. to suffer 5. to bring suffering to 6. painstakingly (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
寂寞: jì mò — 1. lonely 2. lonesome 3. (of a place) quiet 4. silent (HSK 7-9)
再: zài — 1. again; once more; re- 2. further; beyond this point of time 3. (before an adjective) more 4. then (after sth, and not until then) 5. no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 (yě) or 都 (dōu) for emphasis) 6. (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則 (zài zé), 再就是 (zài jiù shì) etc) 7. (literary) to reappear; to reoccur (HSK 1)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
傳染: chuán rǎn — 1. to infect 2. contagious (HSK 7-9)
給: gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
如: rú — 1. as 2. as if 3. such as (HSK 6)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
年: Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)
靑: qīng — variant of 青 (qīng)
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
似的: shì de — 1. seems as if 2. rather like 3. Taiwan pr. (sì de) (HSK 4)
正: zhēng — first month of the lunar year (HSK 1)
做: zuò — 1. to make; to produce 2. to write; to compose 3. to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) 4. (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) 5. (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for 6. to assume (an air or manner) (HSK 1)
着: zhāo — variant of 著 (zhāo) (HSK 1)
好: hǎo — 1. good 2. appropriate; proper 3. all right! 4. (before a verb) easy to 5. (before a verb) good to 6. (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so 7. (verb complement indicating completion) 8. (of two people) close; on intimate terms 9. (after a personal pronoun) hello (HSK 1)
夢: mèng — 1. dream (classifier: 場 (cháng)) 2. (bound form) to dream (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
靑: qīng — variant of 青 (qīng)
年: Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)

，，，，，，，，。So it may be imagined how great the distance is between my stories and true art; and yet that they should even today still bear the name of fiction, and moreover have the chance to be gathered into a collection, is, in any case, something I cannot but call a stroke of good fortune — though this good fortune makes me uneasy at heart, still, to imagine that there may yet, for the time being, be readers in this world is after all a source of pleasure to me.

這樣: zhè yàng — 1. this way; like this; so 2. (before a noun) this kind of; such (HSK 2)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
小說: xiǎo shuō — 1. novel 2. fiction 3. classifier: 本 (běn), 部 (bù) (HSK 2)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
藝術: yì shù — art (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
距離: jù lí — 1. distance 2. classifier: 個 (gè) 3. to be apart from (HSK 4)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
遠: yuǎn — 1. far 2. distant 3. remote 4. (intensifier in a comparison) by far 5. much (lower etc) (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
可想而知: kě xiǎng ér zhī — (idiom) (it) goes without saying; can well be imagined (HSK 7-9)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
今日: jīn rì — today (HSK 5)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
能: Néng — surname Neng (HSK 1)
蒙: Méng — surname Meng (HSK 6)
着: zhāo — variant of 著 (zhāo) (HSK 1)
小說: xiǎo shuō — 1. novel 2. fiction 3. classifier: 本 (běn), 部 (bù) (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
名: míng — 1. name 2. noun (part of speech) 3. place (e.g. among winners) 4. famous 5. classifier for people (HSK 2)
甚而至于: shèn ér zhì yú — 1. even 2. so much so that
且: qiě — 1. and 2. moreover 3. yet 4. for the time being 5. to be about to 6. both (... and...) (HSK 7-9)
有成: yǒu chéng — (literary) to achieve success
集: jí — 1. to gather 2. to collect 3. collected works 4. classifier for sections of a TV series etc: episode (HSK 6)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
機會: jī huì — 1. opportunity 2. chance 3. occasion 4. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 2)
無論如何: wú lùn rú hé — (idiom) whatever the case; in any event; no matter what; by all possible means (HSK 7-9)
總: zǒng — 1. (bound form) general; overall 2. to sum up 3. in every case; always; invariably 4. anyway; after all; eventually; sooner or later 5. surely 6. (after a person's name) abbr. for 總經理 (zǒng jīng lǐ) or 總編 (zǒng biān) etc (HSK 3)
不能不: bù néng bù — 1. have to 2. cannot but (HSK 5)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
件: jiàn — 1. item 2. component 3. classifier for events, things, clothes etc (HSK 2)
徼幸: jiǎo xìng — variant of 僥倖 (jiǎo xìng)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
徼幸: jiǎo xìng — variant of 僥倖 (jiǎo xìng)
雖: suī — 1. although 2. even though (HSK 6)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
不安: bù ān — 1. unpeaceful 2. unstable 3. uneasy 4. disturbed 5. restless 6. worried (HSK 3)
于: Yú — surname Yu (HSK 6)
心: xīn — 1. heart 2. mind 3. intention 4. center 5. core 6. classifier: 顆 (kē), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
懸揣: xuán chuǎi — 1. to speculate 2. to conjecture
人間: rén jiān — 1. the human world 2. the earth (HSK 5)
暫時: zàn shí — temporary; provisional; for the time being (HSK 5)
還有: hái yǒu — 1. there still remain(s); there is (or are) still 2. in addition (HSK 1)
讀者: dú zhě — reader (HSK 3)
則: zé — 1. (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then 2. (bound form) standard; norm 3. (bound form) principle 4. (literary) to imitate; to follow 5. classifier for written items (HSK 7-9)
究竟: jiū jìng — 1. to go to the bottom of a matter 2. after all 3. when all is said and done 4. (in an interrogative sentence) finally 5. outcome 6. result (HSK 4)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
仍然: réng rán — still; as before; yet (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
高興: gāo xìng — 1. happy 2. glad 3. willing (to do sth) 4. in a cheerful mood (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

，，，。And so I have gone ahead and gathered my short stories into a collection and sent it to press, and for the reasons stated above, I have called it Outcry.

所以: suǒ yǐ — 1. therefore 2. as a result 3. so 4. the reason why (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
竟: jìng — 1. unexpectedly 2. actually 3. to go so far as to 4. indeed (HSK 7-9)
將: jiāng — 1. will 2. shall 3. to use 4. to take 5. to checkmate 6. just a short while ago 7. (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把 (bǎ)) (HSK 5)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
短篇小說: duǎn piān xiǎo shuō — short story
結: jiē — 1. (of a plant) to produce (fruit or seeds) 2. Taiwan pr. (jié) (HSK 4)
集: jí — 1. to gather 2. to collect 3. collected works 4. classifier for sections of a TV series etc: episode (HSK 6)
起來: qǐ lai — 1. to stand up; to get up 2. also pr. (qǐ lái) (HSK 1)
而且: ér qiě — 1. (not only ...) but also 2. moreover; in addition; furthermore (HSK 2)
付印: fù yìn — 1. to go to press 2. to submit for printing
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
上面: shàng miàn — 1. on top of 2. above-mentioned 3. also pr. (shàng mian) (HSK 3)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
緣由: yuán yóu — 1. reason 2. cause
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
稱: chèn — 1. to fit; to match; to suit 2. (coll.) to have; to possess 3. Taiwan pr. (chèng)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
爲: wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
吶喊: nà hǎn — 1. shout 2. rallying cry 3. cheering 4. to shout (HSK 7-9)

，。December 3, 1922. Recorded by Lu Xun, in Beijing.

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What it’s about

The preface is Lu Xun's own account of how he came to write fiction at all, and it is the closest thing he left to an autobiography of his twenties. He describes the years he spent running between the pawnshop counter and the herbalist to buy his dying father the prescriptions a famous doctor kept inventing — aloe root dug in winter, a pair of crickets that had to come from the same nest — then the naval academy and the mining school he went to because they charged no fees, and finally the medical school in Sendai. There he was shown a lantern slide of a Chinese man about to be executed as a spy while a crowd of his countrymen watched with the blank interest of spectators, and decided that what needed treating was a people's spirit rather than its body.

The second half is about failure and what came after it: the literary magazine 新生 that collapsed before its first issue appeared, and the years he then spent alone in a Beijing hostel copying inscriptions off old stone rubbings to make the time pass. His friend 金心異 comes to ask him to write for 新青年, and Lu Xun answers with the image the collection is named after — an iron house with no windows, full of people sleeping soundly toward suffocation. Waking the few light sleepers only makes them suffer the dying; but since nobody can prove there is no hope of breaking out, he agrees to write. The shouting of the title is meant to hearten the fighters he imagined galloping on ahead of him in the dark.

When it was written 背景

Lu Xun dated the preface 3 December 1922, after all fourteen stories were finished, and it ran in the 晨報副刊 (Morning Post Supplement) shortly before 新潮社 published 吶喊 in Beijing in August 1923. It is not fiction, and it reads unlike everything after it: measured, first-person, essayistic, with long sentences and a good many period nouns — schools, journals, examinations, medicines — that a learner will have to look up. Most readers come back to it after two or three of the stories rather than starting with it, because the iron house and the lantern slide mean more once you have seen what he does with them.

Words in this chapter 生词

爲wéiHSK 2爲wéi — variant of 為 (wéi) (HSK 2)
靑qīng靑qīng — variant of 青 (qīng)
櫃臺guì táiHSK 7-9櫃臺guì tái — variant of 櫃檯 (guì tái) (HSK 7-9)
吶喊nà hǎnHSK 7-9吶喊nà hǎn — shout · rallying cry · cheering · to shout (HSK 7-9)
麽mó麽mó — tiny · insignificant
徼幸jiǎo xìng徼幸jiǎo xìng — variant of 僥倖 (jiǎo xìng)
質鋪zhì pù質鋪zhì pù — pawn shop
贊同zàn tóngHSK 7-9贊同zàn tóng — to approve of; to agree with (an opinion, action etc); to endorse (HSK 7-9)
麻醉má zuìHSK 7-9麻醉má zuì — anesthesia · to anesthetize; (fig.) to corrupt (sb's mind); to enervate; to numb the mind (to escape from harsh reality) (HSK 7-9)
于yúHSK 6于yú — to go · to take · sentence-final interrogative particle · variant of 於 (yú) (HSK 6)
維新wéi xīn維新wéi xīn — (political) reform · revitalization · modernization
體格tǐ gé體格tǐ gé — bodily health · one's physical state · physique