序 Preface

生死場/一The Field of Life and Death / I

生死

shēng sǐ — life or death (HSK 7-9)

場

cháng — 1. threshing floor 2. classifier for events and happenings: spell, episode, bout (HSK 2)

一

yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)

生死场/一

記得已是四年前的事了，時維二月，我和婦孺正陷在上海閘北的火線中，眼見中國人的因為逃走或死亡而絕跡。I remember it was already four years ago now — it was February, and my wife and child and I were caught in the crossfire in Zhabei, Shanghai, watching Chinese people vanish from sight, some fleeing, some dead.後來仗著幾個朋友的幫助，這才得進平和的英租界，難民雖然滿路，居人卻很安閒。Later, with the help of several friends, we managed at last to get into the peaceful British Concession; though refugees filled the roads, the residents there were quite at ease.和閘北相距不過四五里罷，就是一個這麼不同的世界，——我們又怎麼會想到哈爾濱。It was no more than four or five li from Zhabei, and yet it was such a different world — how could we have thought of Harbin then?

記得

jì de — to remember (HSK 1)

已

yǐ — 1. already 2. to stop 3. then 4. afterwards (HSK 3)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

四

sì — 1. four 2. 4 (HSK 1)

年前

nián qián — 1. by the end of the year 2. at the end of the year; shortly before New Year (HSK 5)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

事

shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

時

Shí — surname Shi (HSK 3)

維

Wéi — 1. abbr. for Uighur 維吾爾 (Wéi wú ěr) 2. surname Wei

二月

Èr yuè — 1. February 2. second month (of the lunar year)

我

wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

婦孺

fù rú — women and children

正

zhēng — first month of the lunar year (HSK 1)

陷

xiàn — 1. pitfall 2. trap 3. to get stuck 4. to sink 5. to cave in 6. to frame (false charge) 7. to capture (a city in battle) 8. to fall (to the enemy) 9. defect (HSK 7-9)

在

zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)

上海

Shàng hǎi — Shanghai municipality (short name 滬 (Hù))

閘

zhá — 1. sluice; sluice gate 2. to dam up water 3. (coll.) brake 4. (coll.) electric switch (HSK 7-9)

北

běi — 1. north 2. (classical) to be defeated (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

火線

Huǒ xiàn — FireWire (IEEE 1394 data-transfer interface)

中

Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)

眼見

yǎn jiàn — 1. to see with one's own eyes 2. very soon

中國人

Zhōng guó rén — Chinese person

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

因為

yīn wèi — because; owing to; on account of (HSK 2)

逃走

táo zǒu — 1. to escape 2. to flee 3. to run away (HSK 5)

或

huò — 1. maybe 2. perhaps 3. might 4. possibly 5. or (HSK 2)

死亡

sǐ wáng — 1. to die 2. death (HSK 6)

而

ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)

絕跡

jué jì — 1. to be eradicated 2. to vanish 3. extinct 4. to break off relations

後來

hòu lái — 1. afterwards; later 2. newly arrived (HSK 2)

仗

zhàng — 1. weaponry 2. to hold (a weapon) 3. to wield 4. to rely on 5. to depend on 6. war 7. battle

著

zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)

幾個

jǐ ge — 1. a few 2. several 3. how many

朋友

péng you — 1. friend 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi) (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

幫助

bāng zhù — 1. assistance; aid 2. to help; to assist (HSK 2)

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

才

cái — 1. ability; talent 2. sb of a certain type 3. a capable individual 4. then and only then 5. just now 6. (before an expression of quantity) only 7. (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually (HSK 2)

得

dé — 1. to obtain 2. to get 3. to gain 4. to catch (a disease) 5. proper 6. suitable 7. proud 8. contented 9. to allow 10. to permit 11. ready 12. finished (HSK 2)

進

jìn — 1. to go forward 2. to advance 3. to go in 4. to enter 5. to put in 6. to submit 7. to take in 8. to admit 9. (math.) base of a number system 10. classifier for sections in a building or residential compound (HSK 1)

平和

Píng hé — see 平和縣 (Píng hé Xiàn) (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

英

Yīng — 1. United Kingdom 2. British 3. England 4. English 5. abbr. for 英國 (Yīng guó)

租界

zū jiè — foreign concession, an enclave occupied by a foreign power (in China in the 19th and 20th centuries)

難民

nàn mín — refugee

雖然

suī rán — although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 (kě shì) or 但是 (dàn shì) etc) (HSK 2)

滿

Mǎn — Manchu ethnic group (HSK 2)

路

Lù — surname Lu (HSK 1)

居人

jū rén — inhabitant

卻

què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)

很

hěn — 1. very; quite 2. (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) (HSK 1)

安閒

ān xián — 1. peaceful and carefree 2. leisurely

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

閘

zhá — 1. sluice; sluice gate 2. to dam up water 3. (coll.) brake 4. (coll.) electric switch (HSK 7-9)

北

běi — 1. north 2. (classical) to be defeated (HSK 1)

相距

xiāng jù — 1. distance apart 2. separated by a given distance

不過

bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)

四

sì — 1. four 2. 4 (HSK 1)

五

wǔ — 1. five 2. 5 (HSK 1)

里

Lǐ — surname Li (HSK 1)

罷

bà — 1. to stop 2. to cease 3. to dismiss 4. to suspend 5. to quit 6. to finish

就是

jiù shì — 1. exactly; precisely 2. only; simply; just 3. (used correlatively with 也 (yě)) even; even if (HSK 3)

一個

yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)

這麼

zhè me — 1. so much 2. this much 3. how much? 4. this way 5. like this (HSK 2)

不同

bù tóng — 1. different 2. distinct 3. not the same 4. not alike (HSK 2)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

世界

shì jiè — world (HSK 3)

我們

wǒ men — we; us; ourselves; our (HSK 1)

又

yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)

怎麼

zěn me — 1. how? 2. what? 3. why? (HSK 1)

會

huì — 1. can; to have the skill; to know how to 2. to be likely to; to be sure to 3. to meet; to get together 4. meeting; gathering 5. (suffix) union; group; association 6. (bound form) a moment (Taiwan pr. (huǐ)) (HSK 1)

想到

xiǎng dào — 1. to think of 2. to call to mind 3. to anticipate (HSK 2)

哈爾濱

Hā ěr bīn — see 哈爾濱市 (Hā ěr bīn Shì)

记得已是四年前的事了，时维二月，我和妇孺正陷在上海闸北的火线中，眼见中国人的因为逃走或死亡而绝迹。后来仗著几个朋友的帮助，这才得进平和的英租界，难民虽然满路，居人却很安闲。和闸北相距不过四五里罢，就是一个这么不同的世界，——我们又怎么会想到哈尔滨。

這本稿子的到了我的桌上，已是今年的春天，我早重回閘北，周圍又復熙熙攘攘的時候了。By the time this manuscript reached my desk, it was already this spring; I had long since returned to Zhabei, and the bustle of life had resumed all around.但卻看見了五年以前，以及更早的哈爾濱。Yet in it I saw Harbin as it was five years ago, and even earlier.這自然還不過是略圖，敘事和寫景，勝於人物的描寫，然而北方人民的對於生的堅強，對於死的掙扎，卻往往已經力透紙背；This is of course still no more than a sketch — the narration and depiction of scenery surpass the portrayal of characters — and yet the northern people's tenacity in living, their struggle against death, often already show through with a force that pierces the very paper;女性作者的細致的觀察和越軌的筆致，又增加了不少明麗和新鮮。and the woman author's fine, careful observation and her unconventional brushwork add no small measure of brightness and freshness besides.精神是健全的，就是深惡文藝和功利有關的人，如果看起來，他不幸得很，他也難免不能毫無所得。The spirit of it is sound — even one who deeply loathes any connection between literature and utility, should he happen to read it, would, unfortunately for him, find it hard to come away with nothing at all.

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

本

běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)

稿子

gǎo zi — 1. draft of a document 2. script 3. manuscript 4. mental plan 5. precedent (HSK 6)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

到了

dào liǎo — 1. at last 2. finally 3. in the end

我

wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

桌

zhuō — 1. table 2. desk 3. classifier for tables of guests at a banquet etc

上

shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)

已

yǐ — 1. already 2. to stop 3. then 4. afterwards (HSK 3)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

今年

jīn nián — this year (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

春天

chūn tiān — 1. spring (season) 2. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 2)

我

wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)

早

zǎo — 1. early 2. morning 3. Good morning! 4. long ago 5. prematurely (HSK 1)

重回

chóng huí — to return

閘

zhá — 1. sluice; sluice gate 2. to dam up water 3. (coll.) brake 4. (coll.) electric switch (HSK 7-9)

北

běi — 1. north 2. (classical) to be defeated (HSK 1)

周圍

zhōu wéi — environs; surroundings; periphery (HSK 3)

又

yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)

復

fù — 1. to go and return 2. to return 3. to resume 4. to return to a normal or original state 5. to repeat 6. again 7. to recover 8. to restore 9. to turn over 10. to reply 11. to answer 12. to reply to a letter 13. to retaliate 14. to carry out

熙熙攘攘

xī xī rǎng rǎng — (idiom) bustling with activity (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

時候

shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

但

dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)

卻

què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)

看見

kàn jiàn — to see; to catch sight of (HSK 1)

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

五

wǔ — 1. five 2. 5 (HSK 1)

年

Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)

以前

yǐ qián — 1. before 2. formerly 3. previous 4. ago (HSK 2)

以及

yǐ jí — and; as well as (HSK 4)

更

gēng — 1. to change or replace 2. to experience 3. one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was formerly divided 4. watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard) (HSK 2)

早

zǎo — 1. early 2. morning 3. Good morning! 4. long ago 5. prematurely (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

哈爾濱

Hā ěr bīn — see 哈爾濱市 (Hā ěr bīn Shì)

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

自然

zì rán — 1. nature 2. natural 3. naturally (HSK 3)

還

Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)

不過

bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

略圖

lüè tú — sketch; sketch map; thumbnail picture

敘事

xù shì — 1. to narrate; to recount 2. narrative

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

寫

xiě — to write (HSK 1)

景

Jǐng — surname Jing (HSK 6)

勝

shèng — 1. victory 2. success 3. to beat 4. to defeat 5. to surpass 6. victorious 7. superior to 8. to get the better of 9. better than 10. surpassing 11. superb (of vista) 12. beautiful (scenery) 13. wonderful (view) 14. (Taiwan pr. (shēng)) able to bear 15. equal to (a task) (HSK 3)

於

yú — 1. (of time or place) in; at; on 2. (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for 3. (indicating a source) from; out of 4. (used in comparison) than 5. (used in the passive voice) by (HSK 6)

人物

rén wù — 1. person; personage; figure (esp. sb of importance) 2. character (in a play, novel etc) 3. (genre of traditional Chinese painting) figure painting (HSK 5)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

描寫

miáo xiě — 1. to describe; to depict; to portray 2. depiction; portrayal (HSK 4)

然而

rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)

北方

běi fāng — 1. north 2. the northern part a country 3. China north of the Yellow River (HSK 2)

人民

rén mín — the people (HSK 3)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

對於

duì yú — regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to (HSK 4)

生

shēng — 1. to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born 2. to arise; to occur 3. to light (a fire) 4. to live; to be alive 5. life 6. raw; uncooked; unprocessed 7. unfamiliar; strange 8. (bound form) student; person engaged in a field 9. (bound form) male role in traditional opera 10. (bound form) life; lifetime 11. (bound form) means of livelihood 12. (bound form) very; intensely (as in 生疼 (shēng téng)) 13. (bound form) in a forced manner (as in 生拉硬拽 (shēng lā yìng zhuài)) (HSK 2)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

堅強

jiān qiáng — 1. staunch 2. strong (HSK 3)

對於

duì yú — regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to (HSK 4)

死

sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

掙扎

zhēng zhá — to struggle (HSK 7-9)

卻

què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)

往往

wǎng wǎng — 1. usually 2. in many cases 3. more often than not (HSK 3)

已經

yǐ jīng — already (HSK 2)

力

Lì — surname Li (HSK 3)

透

tòu — 1. (bound form) to penetrate; to seep through 2. to tell secretly; to leak 3. thoroughly; through and through 4. to appear; to show (HSK 4)

紙

zhǐ — 1. paper (classifier: 張 (zhāng), 沓 (dá)) 2. classifier for documents, letters etc (HSK 2)

背

bēi — 1. to carry on one's back 2. (fig.) to bear; to shoulder (a burden, blame etc) (HSK 2)

女性

nǚ xìng — 1. woman 2. the female sex (HSK 5)

作者

zuò zhě — author; writer (HSK 3)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

細

xì — 1. thin or slender 2. finely particulate 3. thin and soft 4. fine 5. delicate 6. trifling 7. (of a sound) quiet 8. frugal (HSK 4)

致

zhì — 1. (literary) to send; to transmit; to convey 2. (bound form) to cause; to lead to; consequently (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

觀察

guān chá — to observe; to watch; to survey (HSK 3)

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

越軌

yuè guǐ — 1. to run off the track 2. to step out of line 3. to overstep the bounds of propriety

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

筆

bǐ — 1. writing brush; writing implement (pen, pencil etc) (classifier: 支 (zhī), 枝 (zhī)) 2. brushstroke; stroke (in painting or calligraphy) 3. (bound form) style of writing; literary manner; technique of brushwork 4. (classifier) stroke of a Chinese character 5. (classifier) sum of money; financial transaction; piece of business 6. (literary) to write (with a brush or pen) (HSK 2)

致

zhì — 1. (literary) to send; to transmit; to convey 2. (bound form) to cause; to lead to; consequently (HSK 7-9)

又

yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)

增加

zēng jiā — to raise; to increase (HSK 3)

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

不少

bù shǎo — many; quite a few; a good number of (HSK 2)

明麗

míng lì — 1. bright and beautiful 2. (of a landscape) gorgeous 3. (of a color) vibrant

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

新鮮

xīn xiān — 1. fresh (experience, food etc) 2. freshness 3. novel 4. uncommon (HSK 4)

精神

jīng shén — 1. spirit 2. mind 3. consciousness 4. thought 5. mental 6. psychological 7. essence 8. gist 9. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

健全

jiàn quán — 1. robust 2. sound (HSK 5)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

就是

jiù shì — 1. exactly; precisely 2. only; simply; just 3. (used correlatively with 也 (yě)) even; even if (HSK 3)

深

shēn — (lit. and fig.) deep (HSK 3)

惡

ě — used in 惡心 (ě xīn) (HSK 7-9)

文藝

wén yì — literature and art (HSK 5)

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

功利

gōng lì — utility

有關

yǒu guān — 1. to have sth to do with 2. to relate to 3. related to 4. to concern 5. concerning (HSK 6)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

人

rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)

如果

rú guǒ — if; in case; in the event that (HSK 2)

看起來

kàn qǐ lai — seemingly; apparently; looks as if; appears to be; gives the impression that; seems on the face of it to be (HSK 3)

他

tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)

不幸

bù xìng — 1. misfortune 2. adversity 3. unfortunate 4. sad 5. unfortunately 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 5)

得很

de hěn — (after an adjective) very

他

tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)

也

Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)

難免

nán miǎn — 1. hard to avoid 2. difficult to escape from 3. will inevitably (HSK 4)

不能

bù néng — 1. cannot 2. must not 3. should not

毫無

háo wú — 1. not in the least 2. to completely lack (HSK 7-9)

所得

suǒ dé — 1. what one acquires 2. one's gains

这本稿子的到了我的桌上，已是今年的春天，我早重回闸北，周围又复熙熙攘攘的时候了。但却看见了五年以前，以及更早的哈尔滨。这自然还不过是略图，叙事和写景，胜于人物的描写，然而北方人民的对于生的坚强，对于死的挣扎，却往往已经力透纸背；女性作者的细致的观察和越轨的笔致，又增加了不少明丽和新鲜。精神是健全的，就是深恶文艺和功利有关的人，如果看起来，他不幸得很，他也难免不能毫无所得。

聽說文學社曾經願意給她付印，稿子呈到中央宣傳部書報檢查委員會那裡去，擱了半年，結果是不許可。I heard that the Literature Society had once been willing to print it; the manuscript was submitted to the Books and Periodicals Censorship Committee of the Central Propaganda Department, where it sat for half a year, and in the end was not approved.人常常會事後才聰明，回想起來，這正是當然的事：對於生的堅強和死的掙扎，恐怕也確是大背「訓政」之道的。People often grow wise only after the fact; thinking back on it now, this was only to be expected — tenacity in living and struggle against death are, I fear, indeed quite contrary to the way of "political tutelage."今年五月，只為了《略談皇帝》這一篇文章，這一個氣焰萬丈的委員會就忽然煙消火滅，便是「以身作則」的實地大教訓。This May, over nothing more than the essay "A Brief Word on Emperors," this once towering and imperious committee suddenly vanished like smoke and dying embers — a great practical lesson in "leading by example."奴隸社以汗血換來的幾文錢，想為這本書出版，卻又在我們的上司「以身作則」的半年之後了，還要我寫幾句序。The Slave Society, with the few coins earned by its own sweat and blood, wished to publish this book, but that was already half a year after our superiors had "led by example" — and now they want me to write a few words of preface as well.然而這幾天，卻又謠言蜂起，閘北的熙熙攘攘的居民，又在抱頭鼠竄了，路上是駱驛不絕的行李車和人，路旁是黃白兩色的外人，含笑在賞鑒這禮讓之邦的盛況。Yet these past few days, rumors have swarmed up again, and the bustling residents of Zhabei are once more clutching their heads and fleeing like rats; the roads are choked with an endless stream of luggage carts and people, while by the roadside foreigners, yellow-haired and white-skinned alike, stand smiling as they take in the grand spectacle of this land of ceremony and deference.自以為居於安全地帶的報館的報紙，則稱這些逃命者為「庸人」或「愚民」。The newspapers, run by people who fancy themselves safely out of harm's way, call these people fleeing for their lives "mediocrities" or "the foolish masses."我卻以為他們也許是聰明的，至少，是已經憑著經驗，知道了煌煌的官樣文章之不可信。But I think they are perhaps the clever ones — at least, through experience, they have already learned that grand, official pronouncements cannot be trusted.他們還有些記性。They still have some memory left.

聽說

tīng shuō — 1. to hear (sth said) 2. one hears (that) 3. hearsay 4. listening and speaking (HSK 2)

文學

wén xué — literature (HSK 3)

社

shè — 1. (bound form) society; organization; agency 2. (old) god of the land (HSK 5)

曾經

céng jīng — 1. once 2. already 3. former 4. previously 5. ever 6. (past tense marker used before verb or clause) (HSK 3)

願意

yuàn yì — 1. to wish 2. to want 3. ready 4. willing (to do sth) (HSK 2)

給

gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)

她

tā — she (HSK 1)

付印

fù yìn — 1. to go to press 2. to submit for printing

稿子

gǎo zi — 1. draft of a document 2. script 3. manuscript 4. mental plan 5. precedent (HSK 6)

呈

chéng — 1. to present to a superior 2. memorial 3. petition 4. to present (a certain appearance) 5. to assume (a shape) 6. to be (a certain color)

到

dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)

中央宣傳部

Zhōng yāng Xuān chuán bù — Central Propaganda Department (abbr. for 中國共產黨中央委員會宣傳部 (Zhōng guó Gòng chǎn dǎng Zhōng yāng Wěi yuán huì Xuān chuán bù))

書報

shū bào — papers and books

檢查

jiǎn chá — 1. inspection 2. to examine 3. to inspect 4. classifier: 次 (cì) (HSK 2)

委員會

wěi yuán huì — committee; commission (HSK 7-9)

那裡

nà li — there; that place (HSK 1)

去

qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)

擱

gē — 1. to place 2. to put aside 3. to shelve (HSK 7-9)

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

半年

bàn nián — half a year (HSK 1)

結果

jiē guǒ — to bear fruit (HSK 2)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

不許

bù xǔ — 1. not to allow 2. must not 3. can't (HSK 5)

可

kě — 1. (prefix) can; may; able to; -able 2. to approve; to permit 3. to suit 4. (particle used for emphasis) certainly; very 5. but; however (HSK 5)

人

rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)

常常

cháng cháng — frequently; often (HSK 1)

會

huì — 1. can; to have the skill; to know how to 2. to be likely to; to be sure to 3. to meet; to get together 4. meeting; gathering 5. (suffix) union; group; association 6. (bound form) a moment (Taiwan pr. (huǐ)) (HSK 1)

事後

shì hòu — 1. after the event 2. in hindsight 3. in retrospect (HSK 6)

才

cái — 1. ability; talent 2. sb of a certain type 3. a capable individual 4. then and only then 5. just now 6. (before an expression of quantity) only 7. (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually (HSK 2)

聰明

cōng ming — 1. intelligent; clever; bright 2. acute (of sight and hearing) (HSK 5)

回想

huí xiǎng — 1. to recall 2. to recollect 3. to think back (HSK 7-9)

起來

qǐ lai — 1. to stand up; to get up 2. also pr. (qǐ lái) (HSK 1)

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

正是

zhèng shì — is precisely (HSK 2)

當然

dāng rán — 1. only natural 2. as it should be 3. certainly 4. of course 5. without doubt (HSK 3)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

事

shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)

對於

duì yú — regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to (HSK 4)

生

shēng — 1. to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born 2. to arise; to occur 3. to light (a fire) 4. to live; to be alive 5. life 6. raw; uncooked; unprocessed 7. unfamiliar; strange 8. (bound form) student; person engaged in a field 9. (bound form) male role in traditional opera 10. (bound form) life; lifetime 11. (bound form) means of livelihood 12. (bound form) very; intensely (as in 生疼 (shēng téng)) 13. (bound form) in a forced manner (as in 生拉硬拽 (shēng lā yìng zhuài)) (HSK 2)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

堅強

jiān qiáng — 1. staunch 2. strong (HSK 3)

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

死

sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

掙扎

zhēng zhá — to struggle (HSK 7-9)

恐怕

kǒng pà — 1. fear 2. to dread 3. I'm afraid that... 4. perhaps 5. maybe (HSK 3)

也

Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)

確是

què shì — certainly

大

dà — 1. big; large; great 2. older (than another person) 3. eldest (as in 大姐 (dà jiě)) 4. greatly; freely; fully 5. (dialect) father 6. (dialect) uncle (father's brother) (HSK 1)

背

bēi — 1. to carry on one's back 2. (fig.) to bear; to shoulder (a burden, blame etc) (HSK 2)

訓

xùn — 1. to teach; to train; to admonish 2. (bound form) instruction (from superiors); teachings; rule (HSK 7-9)

政

zhèng — 1. political 2. politics 3. government

之

zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)

道

dào — 1. road; path (classifier: 條 (tiáo), 股 (gǔ)) 2. (bound form) way; reason; principle 3. (bound form) a skill; an art; a specialization 4. (Daoism) the Way; the Dao 5. to say (introducing a direct quotation, as in a novel) 6. (bound form) to express; to extend (polite words) 7. classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks, shadows etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process 8. (old) circuit (administrative division) (HSK 2)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

今年

jīn nián — this year (HSK 1)

五月

Wǔ yuè — 1. May 2. fifth month (of the lunar year)

只

zhī — variant of 隻 (zhī) (HSK 2)

為了

wèi le — for; for the purpose of; in order to (HSK 3)

略

lüè — 1. brief; sketchy 2. outline; summary 3. to omit 4. (bound form before a single-character verb) a bit; somewhat; slightly 5. plan; strategy 6. to capture (territory) (HSK 7-9)

談

Tán — surname Tan (HSK 3)

皇帝

huáng dì — 1. emperor 2. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 6)

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

一

yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)

篇

piān — 1. sheet 2. piece of writing 3. bound set of bamboo slips used for record keeping (old) 4. classifier for written items: chapter, article (HSK 2)

文章

wén zhāng — 1. article 2. essay 3. literary works 4. writings 5. hidden meaning 6. classifier: 篇 (piān), 段 (duàn), 頁 (yè) (HSK 3)

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

一個

yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)

氣焰

qì yàn — arrogance; haughtiness

萬丈

wàn zhàng — 1. lit. ten thousand fathoms 2. fig. extremely high or deep 3. lofty 4. bottomless

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

委員會

wěi yuán huì — committee; commission (HSK 7-9)

就

jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)

忽然

hū rán — suddenly; all of a sudden (HSK 2)

煙

yān — 1. cigarette or pipe tobacco 2. classifier: 根 (gēn) 3. smoke 4. mist 5. vapour 6. classifier: 縷 (lǚ) 7. tobacco plant 8. (of the eyes) to be irritated by smoke (HSK 3)

消

xiāo — 1. to diminish; to subside 2. to consume; to reduce 3. to idle away (the time) 4. (after 不 (bù) or 只 (zhǐ) or 何 (hé) etc) to need; to require; to take (HSK 7-9)

火

Huǒ — surname Huo (HSK 3)

滅

miè — 1. to extinguish or put out 2. to go out (of a fire etc) 3. to exterminate or wipe out 4. to drown (HSK 6)

便是

biàn shì — 1. (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) 2. precisely 3. exactly 4. even 5. if 6. just like 7. in the same way as (HSK 6)

以身作則

yǐ shēn zuò zé — to set an example (idiom); to serve as a model (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

實地

shí dì — on-site (HSK 7-9)

大

dà — 1. big; large; great 2. older (than another person) 3. eldest (as in 大姐 (dà jiě)) 4. greatly; freely; fully 5. (dialect) father 6. (dialect) uncle (father's brother) (HSK 1)

教訓

jiào xun — 1. to provide guidance; to lecture sb; to upbraid 2. a talking-to; a bitter lesson 3. classifier: 番 (fān), 頓 (dùn) (HSK 4)

奴隸

nú lì — slave (HSK 7-9)

社

shè — 1. (bound form) society; organization; agency 2. (old) god of the land (HSK 5)

以

Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)

汗

hán — see 可汗 (kè hán), 汗國 (hán guó) (HSK 5)

血

xiě — see 血 (xuè) (HSK 3)

換

huàn — 1. to exchange 2. to change (clothes etc) 3. to substitute 4. to switch 5. to convert (currency) (HSK 2)

來

lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

幾

jī — (literary) almost (HSK 1)

文

Wén — surname Wen (HSK 7-9)

錢

Qián — surname Qian (HSK 1)

想

xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)

為

wéi — 1. as (in the capacity of) 2. to take sth as 3. to act as 4. to serve as 5. to behave as 6. to become 7. to be 8. to do 9. by (in the passive voice) (HSK 2)

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

本

běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)

書

Shū — abbr. for 書經 (Shū jīng) (HSK 1)

出版

chū bǎn — to publish (HSK 5)

卻

què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)

又

yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)

在

zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)

我們

wǒ men — we; us; ourselves; our (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

上司

shàng si — 1. boss 2. superior (HSK 7-9)

以身作則

yǐ shēn zuò zé — to set an example (idiom); to serve as a model (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

半年

bàn nián — half a year (HSK 1)

之後

zhī hòu — 1. after; behind 2. (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then (HSK 4)

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

還

Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)

要

yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)

我

wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)

寫

xiě — to write (HSK 1)

幾

jī — (literary) almost (HSK 1)

句

gōu — variant of 勾 (gōu) (HSK 2)

序

xù — 1. (bound form) order; sequence 2. (bound form) introductory; initial 3. preface (HSK 7-9)

然而

rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)

這幾天

zhè jǐ tiān — the past few days

卻

què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)

又

yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)

謠言

yáo yán — rumor (HSK 7-9)

蜂起

fēng qǐ — 1. to swarm 2. to rise in masses

閘

zhá — 1. sluice; sluice gate 2. to dam up water 3. (coll.) brake 4. (coll.) electric switch (HSK 7-9)

北

běi — 1. north 2. (classical) to be defeated (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

熙熙攘攘

xī xī rǎng rǎng — (idiom) bustling with activity (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

居民

jū mín — resident; inhabitant (HSK 4)

又

yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)

在

zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)

抱頭鼠竄

bào tóu shǔ cuàn — to cover one's head and sneak away like a rat (idiom); to flee ignominiously

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

路上

lù shang — 1. on the road 2. on the way; en route (HSK 1)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

駱

Luò — surname Luo

驛

yì — 1. post horse 2. relay station

不絕

bù jué — 1. unending 2. uninterrupted

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

行李

xíng li — 1. luggage 2. classifier: 件 (jiàn) (HSK 3)

車

Chē — surname Che (HSK 1)

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

人

rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)

路旁

lù páng — roadside

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

黃

Huáng — surname Huang or Hwang (HSK 2)

白

Bái — 1. surname Bai 2. Bai ethnic group (HSK 1)

兩

liǎng — 1. two 2. both 3. some 4. a few 5. tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1⁄16 of a catty 斤 (jīn) (old) (HSK 1)

色

sè — 1. color 2. classifier: 種 (zhǒng) 3. look 4. appearance 5. sex (HSK 4)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

外人

wài rén — 1. outsider 2. foreigner 3. stranger

含笑

hán xiào — to have a smile on one's face

在

zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)

賞鑒

shǎng jiàn — to appreciate (a work of art)

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

禮讓

lǐ ràng — 1. to show consideration for (others) 2. to yield to (another vehicle etc) 3. courtesy 4. comity

之

zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)

邦

bāng — (bound form) country; nation; state

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

盛況

shèng kuàng — grand occasion

自

zì — 1. (bound form) self; oneself 2. from; since 3. naturally; as a matter of course (HSK 4)

以為

yǐ wéi — to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) (HSK 2)

居

Jū — surname Ju

於

yú — 1. (of time or place) in; at; on 2. (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for 3. (indicating a source) from; out of 4. (used in comparison) than 5. (used in the passive voice) by (HSK 6)

安全

ān quán — 1. safe; secure 2. safety; security (HSK 2)

地帶

dì dài — 1. zone 2. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 5)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

報館

bào guǎn — newspaper office

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

報紙

bào zhǐ — 1. newspaper 2. newsprint 3. classifier: 份 (fèn), 期 (qī), 張 (zhāng) (HSK 2)

則

zé — 1. (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then 2. (bound form) standard; norm 3. (bound form) principle 4. (literary) to imitate; to follow 5. classifier for written items (HSK 7-9)

稱

chèn — 1. to fit; to match; to suit 2. (coll.) to have; to possess 3. Taiwan pr. (chèng)

這些

zhè xiē — these (HSK 1)

逃命

táo mìng — 1. to escape 2. to flee 3. to run for one's life

者

zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this

為

wéi — 1. as (in the capacity of) 2. to take sth as 3. to act as 4. to serve as 5. to behave as 6. to become 7. to be 8. to do 9. by (in the passive voice) (HSK 2)

庸人

yōng rén — mediocre person

或

huò — 1. maybe 2. perhaps 3. might 4. possibly 5. or (HSK 2)

愚民

yú mín — 1. ignorant masses 2. to keep the people in ignorance

我

wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)

卻

què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)

以為

yǐ wéi — to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) (HSK 2)

他們

tā men — they; them (HSK 1)

也許

yě xǔ — perhaps; maybe (HSK 2)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

聰明

cōng ming — 1. intelligent; clever; bright 2. acute (of sight and hearing) (HSK 5)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

至少

zhì shǎo — 1. at least 2. (to say the) least (HSK 3)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

已經

yǐ jīng — already (HSK 2)

憑著

píng zhe — 1. relying on 2. on the basis of (HSK 7-9)

經驗

jīng yàn — 1. experience 2. to go through; to experience (HSK 3)

知道了

zhī dào le — 1. OK! 2. Got it!

煌

huáng — brilliant

煌

huáng — brilliant

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

官樣文章

guān yàng wén zhāng — 1. officialese 2. red tape

之

zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)

不可

bù kě — cannot; should not; must not

信

xìn — 1. letter 2. mail 3. classifier: 封 (fēng) 4. to trust 5. to believe 6. to profess faith in 7. truthful 8. confidence 9. trust 10. at will 11. at random (HSK 2)

他們

tā men — they; them (HSK 1)

還有

hái yǒu — 1. there still remain(s); there is (or are) still 2. in addition (HSK 1)

些

xiē — classifier indicating a small amount or small number greater than 1: some, a few, several (HSK 4)

記性

jì xing — memory (ability to retain information)

听说文学社曾经愿意给她付印，稿子呈到中央宣传部书报检查委员会那里去，搁了半年，结果是不许可。人常常会事后才聪明，回想起来，这正是当然的事：对于生的坚强和死的挣扎，恐怕也确是大背「训政」之道的。今年五月，只为了《略谈皇帝》这一篇文章，这一个气焰万丈的委员会就忽然烟消火灭，便是「以身作则」的实地大教训。奴隶社以汗血换来的几文钱，想为这本书出版，却又在我们的上司「以身作则」的半年之后了，还要我写几句序。然而这几天，却又谣言蜂起，闸北的熙熙攘攘的居民，又在抱头鼠窜了，路上是骆驿不绝的行李车和人，路旁是黄白两色的外人，含笑在赏鉴这礼让之邦的盛况。自以为居于安全地带的报馆的报纸，则称这些逃命者为「庸人」或「愚民」。我却以为他们也许是聪明的，至少，是已经凭著经验，知道了煌煌的官样文章之不可信。他们还有些记性。

現在是一九三五年十一月十四的夜裡，我在燈下再看完了《生死場》。It is now the night of November 14, 1935, and by lamplight I have just finished reading The Field of Life and Death once more.周圍像死一般寂靜，聽慣的鄰人的談話聲沒有了，食物的叫賣聲也沒有了，不過偶有遠遠的幾聲犬吠。All around is silent as death; the neighbors' voices I am used to hearing are gone, and the food vendors' cries are gone too — only now and then, far off, a few dog barks sound.想起來，英法租界當不是這情形，哈爾濱也不是這情形；Thinking of it, this surely is not how things are in the English and French Concessions, nor how they are in Harbin;我和那裡的居人，彼此都懷著不同的心情，住在不同的世界。I and the people living there each carry different feelings in our hearts, and dwell in different worlds.然而我的心現在卻好像古井中水，不生微波，麻木的寫了以上那些字。And yet my heart just now is like the water in an old well, raising not the slightest ripple, and numbly I have written down the words above.這正是奴隸的心！——但是，如果還是攪亂了讀者的心呢？This is precisely the heart of a slave! — But then, what if it still manages to stir up the reader's heart?那麼，我們還決不是奴才。Then we are, after all, most certainly not slaves.

現在

xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

一

yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)

九

jiǔ — 1. nine 2. 9 (HSK 1)

三五

sān wǔ — 1. several 2. three or five

年

Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)

十一月

Shí yī yuè — 1. November 2. eleventh month (of the lunar year)

十四

shí sì — fourteen; 14

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

夜裡

yè li — 1. during the night 2. at night 3. nighttime (HSK 2)

我

wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)

在

zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)

燈

dēng — 1. lamp 2. light 3. lantern 4. classifier: 盞 (zhǎn) (HSK 2)

下

xià — 1. down 2. downwards 3. below 4. lower 5. later 6. next (week etc) 7. second (of two parts) 8. to decline 9. to go down 10. to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 11. measure word to show the frequency of an action (HSK 1)

再

zài — 1. again; once more; re- 2. further; beyond this point of time 3. (before an adjective) more 4. then (after sth, and not until then) 5. no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 (yě) or 都 (dōu) for emphasis) 6. (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則 (zài zé), 再就是 (zài jiù shì) etc) 7. (literary) to reappear; to reoccur (HSK 1)

看

kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)

完了

wán le — 1. to be finished 2. to be done for 3. ruined 4. gone to the dogs 5. oh no (HSK 5)

生死

shēng sǐ — life or death (HSK 7-9)

場

cháng — 1. threshing floor 2. classifier for events and happenings: spell, episode, bout (HSK 2)

周圍

zhōu wéi — environs; surroundings; periphery (HSK 3)

像

xiàng — 1. to resemble 2. to be like 3. to look as if 4. such as 5. appearance 6. image 7. portrait 8. image under a mapping (math.) (HSK 2)

死

sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)

一般

yī bān — 1. same 2. ordinary 3. so-so 4. common 5. general 6. generally 7. in general (HSK 2)

寂靜

jì jìng — quiet (HSK 7-9)

聽

tīng — 1. to listen to; to hear 2. to heed; to obey 3. a can (loanword from English "tin") 4. classifier for canned beverages 5. to let be; to allow (Taiwan pr. (tìng)) 6. (literary) to administer; to deal with (Taiwan pr. (tìng)) (HSK 1)

慣

guàn — 1. accustomed to 2. used to 3. indulge 4. to spoil (a child) (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

鄰人

lín rén — neighbor

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

談話

tán huà — 1. to talk (with sb) 2. to have a conversation 3. talk 4. conversation 5. classifier: 次 (cì) (HSK 3)

聲

shēng — 1. sound 2. voice 3. tone 4. noise 5. reputation 6. classifier for sounds (HSK 5)

沒有

méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

食物

shí wù — food (HSK 2)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

叫賣

jiào mài — 1. to hawk (one's wares) 2. to peddle

聲

shēng — 1. sound 2. voice 3. tone 4. noise 5. reputation 6. classifier for sounds (HSK 5)

也

Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)

沒有

méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

不過

bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)

偶

ǒu — 1. accidental 2. image 3. pair 4. mate

有

yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)

遠遠

yuǎn yuǎn — 1. distant 2. by far (HSK 6)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

幾

jī — (literary) almost (HSK 1)

聲

shēng — 1. sound 2. voice 3. tone 4. noise 5. reputation 6. classifier for sounds (HSK 5)

犬

quǎn — 1. (literary) dog 2. Kangxi radical 94

吠

fèi — to bark

想起來

xiǎng qi lai — 1. to remember 2. to recall

英法

Yīng Fǎ — UK-France

租界

zū jiè — foreign concession, an enclave occupied by a foreign power (in China in the 19th and 20th centuries)

當

dāng — 1. to be 2. to act as 3. manage 4. withstand 5. when 6. during 7. ought 8. should 9. match equally 10. equal 11. same 12. obstruct 13. just at (a time or place) 14. on the spot 15. right 16. just at (HSK 2)

不是

bù shì — 1. no 2. is not 3. not

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

情形

qíng xing — circumstances; situation; state of affairs (HSK 5)

哈爾濱

Hā ěr bīn — see 哈爾濱市 (Hā ěr bīn Shì)

也

Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)

不是

bù shì — 1. no 2. is not 3. not

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

情形

qíng xing — circumstances; situation; state of affairs (HSK 5)

我

wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

那裡

nà li — there; that place (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

居人

jū rén — inhabitant

彼此

bǐ cǐ — each other; one another (HSK 5)

都

Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)

懷

Huái — surname Huai

著

zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)

不同

bù tóng — 1. different 2. distinct 3. not the same 4. not alike (HSK 2)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

心情

xīn qíng — mood; frame of mind (HSK 2)

住

zhù — 1. to live; to reside; to stay 2. to stop; to cease 3. (result complement indicating firmness or a stable achieved state) (HSK 1)

在

zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)

不同

bù tóng — 1. different 2. distinct 3. not the same 4. not alike (HSK 2)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

世界

shì jiè — world (HSK 3)

然而

rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)

我

wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

心

xīn — 1. heart 2. mind 3. intention 4. center 5. core 6. classifier: 顆 (kē), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)

現在

xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)

卻

què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)

好像

hǎo xiàng — 1. as if 2. to seem like (HSK 2)

古

Gǔ — surname Gu (HSK 3)

井

Jǐng — 1. Jing, one of the 28 constellations of Chinese astronomy 2. surname Jing (HSK 6)

中水

zhōng shuǐ — 1. reclaimed water 2. recycled water

不

bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)

生

shēng — 1. to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born 2. to arise; to occur 3. to light (a fire) 4. to live; to be alive 5. life 6. raw; uncooked; unprocessed 7. unfamiliar; strange 8. (bound form) student; person engaged in a field 9. (bound form) male role in traditional opera 10. (bound form) life; lifetime 11. (bound form) means of livelihood 12. (bound form) very; intensely (as in 生疼 (shēng téng)) 13. (bound form) in a forced manner (as in 生拉硬拽 (shēng lā yìng zhuài)) (HSK 2)

微波

wēi bō — 1. ripple 2. microwave

麻木

má mù — 1. numb 2. insensitive 3. apathetic (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

寫

xiě — to write (HSK 1)

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

以上

yǐ shàng — 1. that level or higher; that amount or more 2. the above-mentioned 3. (used to indicate that one has completed one's remarks) That is all. (HSK 2)

那些

nà xiē — those (HSK 1)

字

zì — 1. letter 2. symbol 3. character 4. word 5. classifier: 個 (gè) 6. courtesy or style name traditionally given to males aged 20 in dynastic China (HSK 1)

這

zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)

正是

zhèng shì — is precisely (HSK 2)

奴隸

nú lì — slave (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

心

xīn — 1. heart 2. mind 3. intention 4. center 5. core 6. classifier: 顆 (kē), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)

但是

dàn shì — but; however (HSK 2)

如果

rú guǒ — if; in case; in the event that (HSK 2)

還是

hái shi — 1. still (as before) 2. had better 3. unexpectedly 4. or (HSK 1)

攪亂

jiǎo luàn — 1. to disrupt 2. to throw into disorder

了

le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

讀者

dú zhě — reader (HSK 3)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

心

xīn — 1. heart 2. mind 3. intention 4. center 5. core 6. classifier: 顆 (kē), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)

呢

ne — 1. (sentence-final particle) used in questions to link back to prior discourse or context ("what about...?", "and...?") 2. (sentence-final particle) indicating that a state or situation still holds 3. (discourse particle) used to mark a slight pause or emphasis in speech (HSK 1)

那麼

nà me — 1. like that; in that way; to that extent 2. (before a number) ... or so; about ... 3. then; in that case (HSK 2)

我們

wǒ men — we; us; ourselves; our (HSK 1)

還

Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)

決不

jué bù — 1. not at all 2. simply (can) not (HSK 5)

是

shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)

奴才

nú cai — 1. slave 2. fig. flunkey

现在是一九三五年十一月十四的夜里，我在灯下再看完了《生死场》。周围像死一般寂静，听惯的邻人的谈话声没有了，食物的叫卖声也没有了，不过偶有远远的几声犬吠。想起来，英法租界当不是这情形，哈尔滨也不是这情形；我和那里的居人，彼此都怀著不同的心情，住在不同的世界。然而我的心现在却好像古井中水，不生微波，麻木的写了以上那些字。这正是奴隶的心！——但是，如果还是搅乱了读者的心呢？那么，我们还决不是奴才。

不過與其聽我還在安坐中的牢騷話，不如快看下面的《生死場》，她才會給你們以堅強和掙扎的力氣。But rather than listen to my grumbling, spoken here in my seat of ease, better to go straight on and read The Field of Life and Death below — it is she who will give you the strength to endure and to struggle.魯迅。Lu Xun

不過

bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)

與其

yǔ qí — rather than... (used in expressions of the form 與其 (yǔ qí) + {verb1} + 不如 (bù rú) + {verb2} "rather than {verb1}, better to {verb2}") (HSK 7-9)

聽

tīng — 1. to listen to; to hear 2. to heed; to obey 3. a can (loanword from English "tin") 4. classifier for canned beverages 5. to let be; to allow (Taiwan pr. (tìng)) 6. (literary) to administer; to deal with (Taiwan pr. (tìng)) (HSK 1)

我

wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)

還

Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)

在

zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)

安

Ān — surname An (HSK 4)

坐

Zuò — surname Zuo (HSK 1)

中的

zhòng dì — 1. to hit the target 2. (fig.) to hit the nail on the head

牢騷

láo sāo — 1. discontent 2. complaint 3. to complain

話

huà — 1. dialect 2. language 3. spoken words 4. speech 5. talk 6. words 7. conversation 8. what sb said 9. classifier: 種 (zhǒng), 席 (xí), 句 (jù), 口 (kǒu), 番 (fān) (HSK 1)

不如

bù rú — 1. not equal to; not as good as; inferior to 2. it would be better to (HSK 2)

快

kuài — 1. rapid 2. quick 3. speed 4. rate 5. soon 6. almost 7. to make haste 8. clever 9. sharp (of knives or wits) 10. forthright 11. plainspoken 12. gratified 13. pleased 14. pleasant (HSK 1)

看

kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)

下面

xià miàn — 1. below 2. under 3. next 4. the following 5. also pr. (xià mian) (HSK 3)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

生死

shēng sǐ — life or death (HSK 7-9)

場

cháng — 1. threshing floor 2. classifier for events and happenings: spell, episode, bout (HSK 2)

她

tā — she (HSK 1)

才

cái — 1. ability; talent 2. sb of a certain type 3. a capable individual 4. then and only then 5. just now 6. (before an expression of quantity) only 7. (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually (HSK 2)

會

huì — 1. can; to have the skill; to know how to 2. to be likely to; to be sure to 3. to meet; to get together 4. meeting; gathering 5. (suffix) union; group; association 6. (bound form) a moment (Taiwan pr. (huǐ)) (HSK 1)

給

gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)

你們

nǐ men — you (plural) (HSK 1)

以

Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)

堅強

jiān qiáng — 1. staunch 2. strong (HSK 3)

和

Hé — surname He (HSK 1)

掙扎

zhēng zhá — to struggle (HSK 7-9)

的

de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

力氣

lì qi — physical strength (HSK 4)

魯迅

Lǔ Xùn — Lu Xun (1881-1936), one of the earliest and best-known modern Chinese writers

不过与其听我还在安坐中的牢骚话，不如快看下面的《生死场》，她才会给你们以坚强和挣扎的力气。鲁迅。