二十四孝圖 The Picture-Book of Twenty-four Acts of Filial Piety

，，，，，。I am always determined to search high and low, in every direction, until I find the blackest, blackest, blackest of curses, so that I may first curse all those who oppose vernacular writing and obstruct it.，，，，，。Even if, when a person dies, there really is a soul, and because of this most wicked heart of mine I ought to fall into hell, I will still never repent — I must first curse all those who oppose vernacular writing and obstruct it.

我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
總要: zǒng yào — nevertheless
上下: shàng xià — 1. the top and bottom of sth 2. the full vertical extent of sth; from top to bottom 3. to go up and down 4. before and after (as in 上下文 (shàng xià wén) "context") 5. (used after a quantity) approximately; ... or so 6. (in a social hierarchy) the high and the low; seniors and juniors (as in 上下和睦 (shàng xià hé mù) "harmony between superiors and subordinates") 7. all members of a group (as in 舉國上下 (jǔ guó shàng xià) "the entire nation") 8. relative superiority (as in 不相上下 (bù xiāng shàng xià) "evenly matched") (HSK 5)
四方: sì fāng — 1. four-way 2. four-sided 3. in all directions 4. everywhere
尋求: xún qiú — to seek; to look for (HSK 5)
得到: dé dào — to get; to obtain; to receive (HSK 1)
一種: yī zhǒng — one kind of; one type of
最: zuì — 1. (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est 2. (after 之 (zhī)) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 (shì jiè zhī zuì) "the greatest in the world") (HSK 1)
黑: Hēi — short name for Heilongjiang 黑龍江 (Hēi lóng jiāng) (HSK 2)
最: zuì — 1. (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est 2. (after 之 (zhī)) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 (shì jiè zhī zuì) "the greatest in the world") (HSK 1)
黑: Hēi — short name for Heilongjiang 黑龍江 (Hēi lóng jiāng) (HSK 2)
最: zuì — 1. (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est 2. (after 之 (zhī)) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 (shì jiè zhī zuì) "the greatest in the world") (HSK 1)
黑: Hēi — short name for Heilongjiang 黑龍江 (Hēi lóng jiāng) (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
咒文: zhòu wén — 1. incantation 2. spell 3. to curse
先: xiān — 1. beforehand; first; earlier 2. at first; originally 3. for the time being; for now 4. (prefix) my late (in referring to deceased relatives older than oneself) (HSK 1)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
詛咒: zǔ zhòu — to curse
一切: yī qiè — 1. everything 2. every 3. all (HSK 3)
反對: fǎn duì — to oppose; to be against; to object to (HSK 3)
白話: bái huà — 1. spoken language 2. vernacular
妨害: fáng hài — 1. to jeopardize 2. to be harmful to 3. to undermine (HSK 7-9)
白話: bái huà — 1. spoken language 2. vernacular
者: zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this
即使: jí shǐ — even if; even though (HSK 5)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
死: sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
真: zhēn — 1. really 2. truly 3. indeed 4. real 5. true 6. genuine (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
靈魂: líng hún — 1. soul 2. spirit (HSK 7-9)
因: yīn — 1. cause 2. reason 3. because (HSK 6)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
最: zuì — 1. (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est 2. (after 之 (zhī)) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 (shì jiè zhī zuì) "the greatest in the world") (HSK 1)
惡: ě — used in 惡心 (ě xīn) (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
心: xīn — 1. heart 2. mind 3. intention 4. center 5. core 6. classifier: 顆 (kē), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
應該: yīng gāi — ought to; should; must (HSK 2)
墮: duò — 1. to fall; to sink 2. (fig.) to degenerate
入: rù — 1. to enter; to go into 2. to join; to become a member of 3. (bound form) to conform to (as in 入時 (rù shí)) 4. abbr. for 入聲 (rù shēng) 5. (on product packaging, after {number n} + {classifier}) containing (n pieces) (from Japanese 入 "iri") (HSK 6)
地獄: dì yù — 1. hell; underworld; (Buddhism) Naraka 2. (coll.) (of humor, jokes, content etc) extremely dark or morally transgressive (HSK 7-9)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
將: jiāng — 1. will 2. shall 3. to use 4. to take 5. to checkmate 6. just a short while ago 7. (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把 (bǎ)) (HSK 5)
決不: jué bù — 1. not at all 2. simply (can) not (HSK 5)
改悔: gǎi huǐ — to mend one's ways
總要: zǒng yào — nevertheless
先: xiān — 1. beforehand; first; earlier 2. at first; originally 3. for the time being; for now 4. (prefix) my late (in referring to deceased relatives older than oneself) (HSK 1)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
詛咒: zǔ zhòu — to curse
一切: yī qiè — 1. everything 2. every 3. all (HSK 3)
反對: fǎn duì — to oppose; to be against; to object to (HSK 3)
白話: bái huà — 1. spoken language 2. vernacular
妨害: fáng hài — 1. to jeopardize 2. to be harmful to 3. to undermine (HSK 7-9)
白話: bái huà — 1. spoken language 2. vernacular
者: zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this

“”，，、、，，，，。Ever since the so-called "Literary Revolution," the books provided for children, though pitifully poor compared with those of Europe, America, and Japan, at least have pictures along with the text, and so long as one can manage to read them, one can understand them.，，，。But a group of people with ulterior motives has done everything in its power to obstruct this, so that not a shred of pleasure remains in the world of children.“”。In Beijing nowadays, the phrase "Mahuzi" is often used to frighten children.，《》，，；Some say that this is none other than Ma Shumou, recorded in the Record of the Canal, who dug the canal for Emperor Yang of Sui and steamed small children to death;，“”。written correctly, it ought to be "Mahu."，。In that case, this Ma Shumou would have been a Hu — a foreigner.，，。But whoever he was, his eating of children was after all limited — merely the span of his own life.，，，，。Yet the poison spread by those who obstruct vernacular writing is worse than floods and savage beasts — vast in extent and long in duration, capable of turning the whole of China into a single Mahu, so that every child in it dies in his belly.

自從: zì cóng — 1. since (a time) 2. ever since (HSK 3)
所謂: suǒ wèi — 1. what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... 2. (derog.) so-called (HSK 7-9)
文學: wén xué — literature (HSK 3)
革命: gé mìng — 1. to withdraw the mandate of heaven (and transition to a new dynasty) (original meaning) 2. revolution 3. revolutionary 4. to revolt (against sb or sth) 5. to revolutionize (sth) 6. (separable verb sometimes used in the pattern 革noun的命) 7. classifier: 次 (cì) (HSK 7-9)
以來: yǐ lái — since (used after a specified time or event) (HSK 3)
供給: gōng jǐ — 1. to furnish 2. to provide 3. supply (as in supply and demand) (HSK 6)
孩子: hái zi — child (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
書籍: shū jí — 1. books 2. works (HSK 7-9)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
歐: Ōu — 1. Europe (abbr. for 歐洲 (Ōu zhōu)) 2. European Union (abbr. for 歐盟 (Ōu méng)) 3. surname Ou
美: Měi — 1. (bound form) the Americas (abbr. for 美洲 (Měi zhōu)) 2. (bound form) USA (abbr. for 美國 (Měi guó)) (HSK 3)
日本: Rì běn — Japan
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
比較: bǐ jiào — 1. to compare 2. to contrast 3. comparatively 4. relatively 5. quite 6. comparison (HSK 3)
雖然: suī rán — although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 (kě shì) or 但是 (dàn shì) etc) (HSK 2)
很: hěn — 1. very; quite 2. (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) (HSK 1)
可憐: kě lián — 1. pitiful 2. pathetic 3. to have pity on (HSK 5)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
總算: zǒng suàn — 1. at long last 2. finally 3. on the whole (HSK 5)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
圖: tú — 1. diagram 2. picture 3. drawing 4. chart 5. map 6. classifier: 張 (zhāng) 7. to plan 8. to scheme 9. to attempt 10. to pursue 11. to seek (HSK 3)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
只要: zhǐ yào — so long as; provided; if (HSK 2)
能: Néng — surname Neng (HSK 1)
讀: dòu — 1. comma 2. phrase marked by pause (HSK 1)
下去: xià qù — 1. to go down 2. to descend 3. to go on 4. to continue 5. (of a servant) to withdraw (HSK 3)
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
可以: kě yǐ — 1. can 2. may 3. possible 4. able to 5. not bad 6. pretty good (HSK 2)
懂得: dǒng de — to understand; to know; to comprehend (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
可是: kě shì — 1. but; however 2. (used for emphasis) indeed (HSK 2)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
班: Bān — surname Ban (HSK 1)
別有: bié yǒu — 1. to have other... 2. to have a special ...
心腸: xīn cháng — 1. heart 2. intention 3. one's inclination 4. state of mind 5. to have the heart for sth 6. mood (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人們: rén men — people (HSK 2)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
竭力: jié lì — to do one's utmost (HSK 7-9)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
阻遏: zǔ è — 1. to impede 2. to hold sb back
它: tā — it (HSK 2)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
孩子: hái zi — child (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
世界: shì jiè — world (HSK 3)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
絲: sī — 1. silk 2. thread-like thing; (cuisine) shreds or julienne strips 3. classifier: a trace (of smoke etc), a tiny bit etc (HSK 7-9)
樂趣: lè qù — delight; pleasure; joy (HSK 4)
北京: Běi jīng — Beijing municipality, capital of the People's Republic of China (short name 京 (Jīng)) (HSK 1)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
常用: cháng yòng — in common usage (HSK 2)
馬虎: mǎ hu — 1. careless 2. sloppy 3. negligent 4. skimpy (HSK 7-9)
子: zǐ — 1. son 2. child 3. seed 4. egg 5. small thing 6. 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat 7. viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 (wǔ děng jué wèi) 8. ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north) 9. subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
一句話: yī jù huà — in a word; in short (HSK 5)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
恐嚇: kǒng hè — 1. to threaten 2. to menace (HSK 7-9)
孩子們: hái zi men — children
或者: huò zhě — 1. or 2. possibly; maybe; perhaps (HSK 2)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
就是: jiù shì — 1. exactly; precisely 2. only; simply; just 3. (used correlatively with 也 (yě)) even; even if (HSK 3)
開河: kāi hé — 1. to open a river 2. to dig a canal 3. to thaw (of river)
記: jì — 1. to record 2. to note 3. to memorize 4. to remember 5. mark 6. sign 7. classifier for blows, kicks, shots (HSK 1)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
載: zǎi — 1. to record in writing 2. to carry (i.e. publish in a newspaper etc) 3. Taiwan pr. (zài) 4. year
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
給: gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)
隋煬帝: Suí Yáng dì — Emperor Yang of Sui (569-618), said to have murdered his father and brother to seize the throne, reigned 604-618
開河: kāi hé — 1. to open a river 2. to dig a canal 3. to thaw (of river)
蒸: zhēng — 1. to evaporate 2. (of cooking) to steam 3. torch made from hemp stalks or bamboo (old) 4. finely chopped firewood (old) (HSK 7-9)
死: sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)
小兒: xiǎo ér — 1. young child 2. (humble) my son
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
麻: Má — surname Ma (HSK 7-9)
叔: shū — 1. uncle 2. father's younger brother 3. husband's younger brother 4. Taiwan pr. (shú)
謀: móu — 1. to plan 2. to seek 3. scheme
正確: zhèng què — correct; sound; right; proper (HSK 2)
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
寫: xiě — to write (HSK 1)
起來: qǐ lai — 1. to stand up; to get up 2. also pr. (qǐ lái) (HSK 1)
須: xū — 1. must 2. to have to 3. to wait (HSK 7-9)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
那麼: nà me — 1. like that; in that way; to that extent 2. (before a number) ... or so; about ... 3. then; in that case (HSK 2)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
麻: Má — surname Ma (HSK 7-9)
叔: shū — 1. uncle 2. father's younger brother 3. husband's younger brother 4. Taiwan pr. (shú)
謀: móu — 1. to plan 2. to seek 3. scheme
乃是: nǎi shì — equivalent to either 是 (shì) or 就是 (jiù shì)
胡人: hú rén — 1. ethnic groups in the north and west of China in ancient times 2. foreigner 3. barbarian
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
無論: wú lùn — 1. no matter what or how 2. regardless of whether... (HSK 4)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
什麼人: shén me rén — 1. who? 2. what (kind of) person?
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
吃: chī — 1. to eat; to consume 2. to eat at (a cafeteria etc) 3. to eradicate; to destroy 4. to absorb 5. to suffer (shock, injury, defeat etc) (HSK 1)
小孩: xiǎo hái — 1. child 2. classifier: 個 (gè)
究竟: jiū jìng — 1. to go to the bottom of a matter 2. after all 3. when all is said and done 4. (in an interrogative sentence) finally 5. outcome 6. result (HSK 4)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
還有: hái yǒu — 1. there still remain(s); there is (or are) still 2. in addition (HSK 1)
限: xiàn — 1. to limit 2. to restrict 3. (bound form) limit 4. bound (HSK 7-9)
不過: bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)
盡: jìn — 1. to use up 2. to exhaust 3. to end 4. to finish 5. to the utmost 6. exhausted 7. finished 8. to the limit (of sth) 9. all 10. entirely (HSK 6)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
一生: yī shēng — all one's life; throughout one's life (HSK 2)
妨害: fáng hài — 1. to jeopardize 2. to be harmful to 3. to undermine (HSK 7-9)
白話: bái huà — 1. spoken language 2. vernacular
者: zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
流毒: liú dú — 1. to spread poison 2. pernicious influence
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
甚: shén — variant of 什 (shén)
於: yú — 1. (of time or place) in; at; on 2. (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for 3. (indicating a source) from; out of 4. (used in comparison) than 5. (used in the passive voice) by (HSK 6)
洪水猛獸: hóng shuǐ měng shòu — 1. lit. severe floods and fierce beasts (idiom) 2. fig. great scourges 3. extremely dangerous or threatening things
非常: fēi cháng — 1. very; really 2. unusual; extraordinary (HSK 1)
廣大: guǎng dà — 1. (of an area) vast or extensive 2. large-scale 3. widespread 4. (of people) numerous (HSK 3)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
非常: fēi cháng — 1. very; really 2. unusual; extraordinary (HSK 1)
長久: cháng jiǔ — 1. long-time; long-term 2. lasting; enduring; permanent 3. for a long time (HSK 6)
能: Néng — surname Neng (HSK 1)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
全: Quán — surname Quan (HSK 2)
中國化: Zhōng guó huà — 1. to sinicize 2. to take on Chinese characteristics
成: Chéng — 1. surname Cheng 2. short name for Chengdu 成都 (Chéng dū) (HSK 2)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
麻: Má — surname Ma (HSK 7-9)
胡: Hú — surname Hu
凡: fán — 1. ordinary 2. commonplace 3. mundane 4. temporal 5. of the material world (as opposed to supernatural or immortal levels) 6. every 7. all 8. whatever 9. altogether 10. gist 11. outline 12. note of Chinese musical scale (HSK 7-9)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
孩子: hái zi — child (HSK 1)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
死: sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
肚子: dù zi — 1. belly 2. abdomen 3. stomach 4. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 4)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)

，！Whoever plots to murder vernacular writing deserves to perish!

，，“，，——。”，“”，“”。At words like these, the gentry will of course cover their ears, for this is just what is called "leaping halfway into the sky and cursing until not a shred of skin is left whole — and still refusing to stop." And the literati too are sure to condemn it, thinking it a gross violation of "literary character," which is to say, a grave injury to "personal character."“”？“”“”，，“”“”。Is it not said that "words are the voice of the heart"? "Writing" and "the man" are of course related — although the human world is full of a thousand strange oddities, and even among professors there exists a peculiar breed who do not "respect" an author's character and yet cannot help but "say his novels are good."，“”，。But I pay no heed to any of this, for fortunately I have not yet climbed up into the "ivory tower," and so have no particular need to be careful.，。If I should happen to have blundered into it unawares, then let me fall straight back down at once.，，：Yet midway in the fall, before I reach the ground, I must say it once more:

這些: zhè xiē — these (HSK 1)
話: huà — 1. dialect 2. language 3. spoken words 4. speech 5. talk 6. words 7. conversation 8. what sb said 9. classifier: 種 (zhǒng), 席 (xí), 句 (jù), 口 (kǒu), 番 (fān) (HSK 1)
紳士: shēn shì — gentleman (HSK 7-9)
們: men — plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
自然: zì rán — 1. nature 2. natural 3. naturally (HSK 3)
難免: nán miǎn — 1. hard to avoid 2. difficult to escape from 3. will inevitably (HSK 4)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
掩: yǎn — 1. to cover up; to conceal 2. to close (a door, book etc) 3. (coll.) to get (one's fingers etc) caught when closing a door or lid 4. (literary) to launch a surprise attack
住: zhù — 1. to live; to reside; to stay 2. to stop; to cease 3. (result complement indicating firmness or a stable achieved state) (HSK 1)
耳朵: ěr duo — 1. ear 2. classifier: 隻 (zhī), 個 (gè), 對 (duì) 3. handle (on a cup) (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
因為: yīn wèi — because; owing to; on account of (HSK 2)
就是: jiù shì — 1. exactly; precisely 2. only; simply; just 3. (used correlatively with 也 (yě)) even; even if (HSK 3)
所謂: suǒ wèi — 1. what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ... 2. (derog.) so-called (HSK 7-9)
跳: tiào — 1. to jump 2. to hop 3. to skip over 4. to bounce 5. to palpitate (HSK 3)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
半天: bàn tiān — 1. half of the day 2. a long time 3. quite a while 4. midair 5. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 1)
空: kōng — 1. empty 2. air 3. sky 4. in vain (HSK 3)
罵: mà — 1. to scold 2. to abuse 3. to curse 4. classifier: 通 (tòng), 頓 (dùn) (HSK 5)
得體: dé tǐ — 1. appropriate to the occasion 2. fitting (HSK 7-9)
無: mó — used in 南無 (nā mó) (HSK 4)
完: wán — 1. to finish 2. to be over 3. whole 4. complete 5. entire (HSK 2)
膚: fū — skin
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
肯: kěn — 1. to agree; to consent 2. to be willing to (HSK 6)
罷休: bà xiū — 1. to give up 2. to abandon (a goal etc) 3. to let sth go 4. forget it 5. let the matter drop (HSK 7-9)
而且: ér qiě — 1. (not only ...) but also 2. moreover; in addition; furthermore (HSK 2)
文士: wén shì — 1. literati 2. scholar
們: men — plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
一定: yī dìng — 1. surely; certainly; definitely 2. fixed; settled 3. a certain ...; a given ... (HSK 2)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
罵: mà — 1. to scold 2. to abuse 3. to curse 4. classifier: 通 (tòng), 頓 (dùn) (HSK 5)
以為: yǐ wéi — to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) (HSK 2)
大: dà — 1. big; large; great 2. older (than another person) 3. eldest (as in 大姐 (dà jiě)) 4. greatly; freely; fully 5. (dialect) father 6. (dialect) uncle (father's brother) (HSK 1)
悖: bèi — 1. to go against 2. to be contrary to 3. perverse 4. rebellious
於: yú — 1. (of time or place) in; at; on 2. (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for 3. (indicating a source) from; out of 4. (used in comparison) than 5. (used in the passive voice) by (HSK 6)
文: Wén — surname Wen (HSK 7-9)
格: gē — 1. used in 格登 (gē dēng) 2. used in 格格 (gē gē) (HSK 7-9)
亦即: yì jí — 1. namely 2. that is
大: dà — 1. big; large; great 2. older (than another person) 3. eldest (as in 大姐 (dà jiě)) 4. greatly; freely; fully 5. (dialect) father 6. (dialect) uncle (father's brother) (HSK 1)
損: sǔn — 1. (bound form) to decrease; to diminish 2. (bound form) to harm; to damage 3. (coll.) to ridicule; to deride 4. (coll.) mean; nasty; sarcastic (HSK 7-9)
於: yú — 1. (of time or place) in; at; on 2. (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for 3. (indicating a source) from; out of 4. (used in comparison) than 5. (used in the passive voice) by (HSK 6)
人格: rén gé — 1. personality 2. integrity 3. dignity (HSK 7-9)
豈不: qǐ bù — 1. how couldn't...? 2. wouldn't it...?
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
言: yán — 1. words 2. speech 3. to say 4. to talk
者: zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this
心聲: xīn shēng — heartfelt wish; inner voice; aspiration (HSK 7-9)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
麼: má — exclamatory final particle
文: Wén — surname Wen (HSK 7-9)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
當然: dāng rán — 1. only natural 2. as it should be 3. certainly 4. of course 5. without doubt (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
相關: xiāng guān — 1. related 2. relevant 3. pertinent 4. to be interrelated 5. (statistics) correlation (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
雖然: suī rán — although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 (kě shì) or 但是 (dàn shì) etc) (HSK 2)
人間: rén jiān — 1. the human world 2. the earth (HSK 5)
世: Shì — surname Shi
本來: běn lái — 1. original 2. originally 3. at first 4. it goes without saying 5. of course (HSK 3)
千奇百怪: qiān qí bǎi guài — fantastic oddities of every description (idiom)
教授: jiào shòu — 1. professor 2. to instruct 3. to lecture on 4. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi) (HSK 4)
們: men — plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
尊敬: zūn jìng — 1. to respect; to revere; to esteem 2. honorable; distinguished (used on formal occasions before a term of address) (HSK 5)
作者: zuò zhě — author; writer (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人格: rén gé — 1. personality 2. integrity 3. dignity (HSK 7-9)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
不能: bù néng — 1. cannot 2. must not 3. should not
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
小說: xiǎo shuō — 1. novel 2. fiction 3. classifier: 本 (běn), 部 (bù) (HSK 2)
好: hǎo — 1. good 2. appropriate; proper 3. all right! 4. (before a verb) easy to 5. (before a verb) good to 6. (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so 7. (verb complement indicating completion) 8. (of two people) close; on intimate terms 9. (after a personal pronoun) hello (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
特別: tè bié — 1. unusual; special 2. very; especially; particularly 3. expressly; for a specific purpose 4. (often followed by 是 (shì)) in particular (HSK 2)
種族: zhǒng zú — race; ethnic group (HSK 7-9)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
這些: zhè xiē — these (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
不管: bù guǎn — 1. not to be concerned 2. regardless of 3. no matter (HSK 4)
因為: yīn wèi — because; owing to; on account of (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
幸而: xìng ér — 1. by good fortune 2. luckily
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
爬上: pá shàng — to climb up
象牙: xiàng yá — 1. ivory 2. elephant tusk
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
塔: tǎ — 1. pagoda (abbr. for 塔婆 (tǎ pó), a loanword from Sanskrit stūpa); tower; pylon (classifier: 座 (zuò)) 2. (loanword) (pastry) tart (HSK 6)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
正: zhēng — first month of the lunar year (HSK 1)
無須: wú xū — 1. need not 2. not obliged to 3. not necessarily (HSK 7-9)
怎樣: zěn yàng — 1. how 2. what kind (HSK 2)
小心: xiǎo xīn — 1. to be careful 2. to take care (HSK 2)
倘若: tǎng ruò — if; supposing; in case (HSK 7-9)
無意中: wú yì zhōng — 1. accidentally 2. unintentionally 3. unexpectedly
竟: jìng — 1. unexpectedly 2. actually 3. to go so far as to 4. indeed (HSK 7-9)
已: yǐ — 1. already 2. to stop 3. then 4. afterwards (HSK 3)
撞: zhuàng — 1. to knock against 2. to bump into 3. to run into 4. to meet by accident (HSK 5)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
即刻: jí kè — 1. immediately 2. instant 3. instantly
跌: diē — 1. to fall 2. to tumble 3. to trip 4. (of prices etc) to drop 5. Taiwan pr. (dié) (HSK 6)
下來: xià lai — 1. to come down 2. (completed action marker) 3. (after verb of motion, indicates motion down and towards us, also fig.) 4. (indicates continuation from the past towards us) 5. to be harvested (of crops) 6. to be over (of a period of time) 7. to go among the masses (said of leaders) (HSK 3)
罷: bà — 1. to stop 2. to cease 3. to dismiss 4. to suspend 5. to quit 6. to finish
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
跌: diē — 1. to fall 2. to tumble 3. to trip 4. (of prices etc) to drop 5. Taiwan pr. (dié) (HSK 6)
下來: xià lai — 1. to come down 2. (completed action marker) 3. (after verb of motion, indicates motion down and towards us, also fig.) 4. (indicates continuation from the past towards us) 5. to be harvested (of crops) 6. to be over (of a period of time) 7. to go among the masses (said of leaders) (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
中途: zhōng tú — midway (HSK 7-9)
當: dāng — 1. to be 2. to act as 3. manage 4. withstand 5. when 6. during 7. ought 8. should 9. match equally 10. equal 11. same 12. obstruct 13. just at (a time or place) 14. on the spot 15. right 16. just at (HSK 2)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
未: wèi — 1. not yet 2. did not 3. have not 4. not 5. 8th earthly branch: 1-3 p.m., 6th solar month (7th July-6th August), year of the Sheep 6. ancient Chinese compass point: 210° (HSK 7-9)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
之前: zhī qián — 1. before 2. prior to 3. ago 4. previously 5. beforehand (HSK 4)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
要說: yào shuō — 1. as for 2. when it comes to
一遍: yī biàn — 1. one time (all the way through) 2. once through

，！Whoever plots to murder vernacular writing deserves to perish!

《》，，。Whenever I see primary school pupils gazing joyfully at some crude little thing like Children's World, and then think of the exquisite children's books of other countries, I cannot help feeling how pitiable Chinese children are.，，。But when I recall my own childhood and that of my little schoolfellows, I cannot help thinking it was a happy one — offering a sorrowful condolence to our vanished youthful years.，，，“”，，。What did we have to look at in those days? The moment a book had so much as a trace of pictures in it, it would be forbidden by our tutors — those "elders who guided the young" of that era — scolded, and even punished with a rap on the palm.“”，，“”，。One of my young schoolmates, bored nearly to death from reading nothing but "At the beginning, human nature is good," had no choice but to steal a look at the first page, where a demon-like image of the God of Literature was captioned with the four characters "The Star of Letters Shines High," in order to satisfy his childish, innate love of beauty.，，。Yesterday he looked at this, and today he looked at this again — and yet in his eyes there still flashed a gleam of awakening and joy.

每: měi — 1. each 2. every (HSK 3)
看見: kàn jiàn — to see; to catch sight of (HSK 1)
小學生: xiǎo xué shēng — 1. primary school student 2. schoolchild 3. classifier: 個 (gè), 名 (míng) 4. (fig.) beginner (HSK 1)
歡天喜地: huān tiān xǐ dì — 1. delighted 2. with great joy 3. in high spirits
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
著: zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
本: běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)
粗: cū — 1. (of sth long) wide; thick 2. (of sth granular) coarse 3. (of a voice) gruff 4. (of sb's manner etc) rough; crude; careless; rude (HSK 4)
拙: zhuō — 1. awkward 2. clumsy 3. dull 4. inelegant 5. (polite) my 6. Taiwan pr. (zhuó)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
兒童: ér tóng — child (HSK 4)
世界: shì jiè — world (HSK 3)
之類: zhī lèi — 1. and so on 2. and such (HSK 6)
另: lìng — 1. other 2. another 3. separate 4. separately (HSK 6)
想到: xiǎng dào — 1. to think of 2. to call to mind 3. to anticipate (HSK 2)
別: Bié — surname Bie (HSK 1)
國: Guó — surname Guo (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
兒童: ér tóng — child (HSK 4)
用: yòng — 1. to use; to make use of; to employ 2. (coverb) with; using 3. to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) 4. usefulness; utility 5. (bound form) expense; outlay 6. (courteous) to eat; to drink 7. (literary) hence; therefore (HSK 1)
書: Shū — abbr. for 書經 (Shū jīng) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
精美: jīng měi — exquisite; elegant; fine (HSK 6)
自然: zì rán — 1. nature 2. natural 3. naturally (HSK 3)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
覺得: jué de — 1. to think that ...; to feel that ... 2. to feel (uncomfortable etc) (HSK 1)
中國: Zhōng guó — China (HSK 1)
兒童: ér tóng — child (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
可憐: kě lián — 1. pitiful 2. pathetic 3. to have pity on (HSK 5)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
回憶: huí yì — 1. to recall 2. memories 3. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 5)
起: qǐ — 1. to rise 2. to raise 3. to get up 4. to set out 5. to start 6. to appear 7. to launch 8. to initiate (action) 9. to draft 10. to establish 11. to get (from a depot or counter) 12. verb suffix, to start 13. starting from (a time, place, price etc) 14. classifier for occurrences or unpredictable events: case, instance 15. classifier for groups: batch, group (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
同窗: tóng chuāng — 1. schoolmate 2. fellow student
小: xiǎo — 1. small 2. tiny 3. few 4. young (HSK 1)
友: yǒu — friend
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
童年: tóng nián — childhood (HSK 4)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
不能不: bù néng bù — 1. have to 2. cannot but (HSK 5)
以為: yǐ wéi — to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) (HSK 2)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
幸福: xìng fú — 1. happiness 2. happy 3. blessed (HSK 3)
給: gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)
我們: wǒ men — we; us; ourselves; our (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
永逝: yǒng shì — 1. gone forever 2. to die
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
韶: Sháo — surname Shao
光: guāng — 1. light; ray (classifier: 道 (dào)) 2. bright; shiny 3. only; merely 4. used up; finished 5. to leave (a part of the body) uncovered (HSK 3)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
悲哀: bēi āi — 1. grieved 2. sorrowful (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
弔唁: diào yàn — variant of 吊唁 (diào yàn)
我們: wǒ men — we; us; ourselves; our (HSK 1)
那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
什麼: shén me — 1. what? 2. something; anything (HSK 1)
可看: kě kàn — worth seeing
呢: ne — 1. (sentence-final particle) used in questions to link back to prior discourse or context ("what about...?", "and...?") 2. (sentence-final particle) indicating that a state or situation still holds 3. (discourse particle) used to mark a slight pause or emphasis in speech (HSK 1)
只要: zhǐ yào — so long as; provided; if (HSK 2)
略: lüè — 1. brief; sketchy 2. outline; summary 3. to omit 4. (bound form before a single-character verb) a bit; somewhat; slightly 5. plan; strategy 6. to capture (territory) (HSK 7-9)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
圖畫: tú huà — 1. drawing 2. picture (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
本子: běn zi — 1. book 2. notebook 3. Japanese-style self-published comic (esp. an erotic one), aka "dōjinshi" 4. classifier: 本 (běn) 5. edition (HSK 1)
就要: jiù yào — 1. will 2. shall 3. to be going to (HSK 2)
被: bèi — 1. quilt 2. to cover (with) 3. (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) 4. used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) 5. (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊[bei4 lu : 3 you2] to "go on a trip") (HSK 3)
塾: shú — private school
師: Shī — surname Shi
就是: jiù shì — 1. exactly; precisely 2. only; simply; just 3. (used correlatively with 也 (yě)) even; even if (HSK 3)
當時: dāng shí — then; at that time (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
引導: yǐn dǎo — 1. to guide 2. to lead (around) 3. to conduct 4. to boot 5. introduction 6. primer (HSK 4)
青年: qīng nián — 1. youth 2. youthful years 3. young person 4. the young (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
前輩: qián bèi — 1. senior 2. older generation 3. precursor (HSK 7-9)
禁止: jìn zhǐ — 1. to prohibit 2. to forbid 3. to ban (HSK 4)
呵斥: hē chì — to berate; to excoriate; to chide
甚而至於: shèn ér zhì yú — 1. even 2. so much so that
打手: dǎ shou — hired thug
心: xīn — 1. heart 2. mind 3. intention 4. center 5. core 6. classifier: 顆 (kē), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
小: xiǎo — 1. small 2. tiny 3. few 4. young (HSK 1)
同學: tóng xué — 1. to study at the same school 2. fellow student 3. classmate 4. classifier: 位 (wèi), 個 (gè) (HSK 1)
因為: yīn wèi — because; owing to; on account of (HSK 2)
專: zhuān — 1. for a particular person, occasion, purpose 2. focused on one thing 3. special 4. expert 5. particular (to sth) 6. concentrated 7. specialized
讀: dòu — 1. comma 2. phrase marked by pause (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
初: chū — 1. (bound form) at first; initially 2. (bound form) first; early 3. (bound form) (in lunar calendar dates, before numerals 1–10) days 1 to 10 of a month, as in 初三 (chū sān) "the third" (HSK 3)
性: xìng — 1. nature 2. character 3. property 4. quality 5. attribute 6. sexuality 7. sex 8. gender 9. suffix forming adjective from verb 10. suffix forming noun from adjective, corresponding to -ness or -ity 11. essence 12. classifier: 個 (gè)
本: běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)
善: shàn — 1. good (virtuous) 2. benevolent 3. well-disposed 4. good at sth 5. to improve or perfect (HSK 7-9)
讀: dòu — 1. comma 2. phrase marked by pause (HSK 1)
得要: děi yào — 1. to need 2. must
枯燥: kū zào — dry and dull; uninteresting; tedious (HSK 7-9)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
死: sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
只好: zhǐ hǎo — to have no other option but to ...; to have to; to be forced to (HSK 3)
偷偷: tōu tōu — 1. stealthily 2. secretly 3. covertly 4. furtively 5. on the sly (HSK 5)
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
翻開: fān kāi — to open up
第一: dì yī — 1. first 2. most important; primary; foremost
葉: Yè — surname Ye
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
題: Tí — surname Ti (HSK 2)
著: zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)
文: Wén — surname Wen (HSK 7-9)
星: xīng — 1. star 2. heavenly body 3. satellite 4. small amount
高: Gāo — surname Gao (HSK 1)
照: zhào — 1. according to 2. in accordance with 3. to shine 4. to illuminate 5. to reflect 6. to look at (one's reflection) 7. to take (a photo) 8. photo 9. as requested 10. as before (HSK 3)
四: sì — 1. four 2. 4 (HSK 1)
個: gě — used in 自個兒 (zì gě r) (HSK 1)
字: zì — 1. letter 2. symbol 3. character 4. word 5. classifier: 個 (gè) 6. courtesy or style name traditionally given to males aged 20 in dynastic China (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
惡鬼: è guǐ — 1. evil spirit 2. devil
一般: yī bān — 1. same 2. ordinary 3. so-so 4. common 5. general 6. generally 7. in general (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
魁星: Kuí xīng — 1. stars of the Big Dipper that constitute the rectangular body of the dipper 2. Kuixing, Daoist God of fate
像: xiàng — 1. to resemble 2. to be like 3. to look as if 4. such as 5. appearance 6. image 7. portrait 8. image under a mapping (math.) (HSK 2)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
滿足: mǎn zú — 1. to satisfy 2. to meet (the needs of) 3. satisfied 4. content (HSK 3)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
幼稚: yòu zhì — 1. young 2. childish 3. puerile (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
愛美: ài měi — 1. to pay attention to one's appearance; to like to be well-groomed 2. (literary) on very friendly terms
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
天性: tiān xìng — 1. nature 2. innate tendency (HSK 7-9)
昨天: zuó tiān — yesterday (HSK 1)
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
這個: zhè ge — 1. (pronoun) this 2. (adjective) this
今天: jīn tiān — 1. today 2. the present time; now (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
這個: zhè ge — 1. (pronoun) this 2. (adjective) this
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
他們: tā men — they; them (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
眼睛: yǎn jing — 1. eye 2. classifier: 隻 (zhī), 雙 (shuāng) (HSK 2)
裏: lǐ — variant of 裡 (lǐ) (HSK 1)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
閃出: shǎn chū — 1. to flash 2. to sparkle 3. to appear suddenly
蘇: Sū — 1. surname Su 2. abbr. for Soviet Union 蘇維埃 (Sū wéi āi) or 蘇聯 (Sū lián) 3. abbr. for Jiangsu 江蘇 (Jiāng sū) 4. abbr. for Suzhou 蘇州 (Sū zhōu)
醒: xǐng — 1. to wake up 2. to be awake 3. to become aware 4. to sober up 5. to come to (HSK 4)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
歡喜: huān xǐ — 1. happy 2. joyous 3. delighted 4. to like 5. to be fond of
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
光輝: guāng huī — 1. radiance 2. glory 3. brilliant 4. magnificent (HSK 6)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)

，，，。Outside the private school, the prohibitions were comparatively looser — though this is only speaking of my own case; no doubt it differed from person to person.，，《》《》，，，，“”，，，。What I was allowed to read openly and respectably, in front of everyone, were Illustrated Tales of the Silent Ledger of Lord Wenchang and Records of the Jade Almanac, both illustrated with stories of reward and punishment for good and evil meted out in the unseen world: the Duke of Thunder and the Mother of Lightning standing among the clouds, ox-headed and horse-faced demons filling the earth below — where not only "leaping halfway into the sky" offended the laws of Heaven, but even a single ill-chosen word or a single wayward thought would meet with its due retribution.“”，，“”，，，。And this retribution was not merely for "a glare of resentment," either, for in that realm ghosts and gods are the sovereign and "justice" is the minister — treating them to wine or kneeling before them are of no avail whatsoever; there is simply nothing to be done about it.，，，。In the world of China, it is extremely hard not only to be a person, but even to be a ghost.：“”，“”。And yet there is, after all, one respect in which it is far better than the world of the living: there is no such thing as "gentlemen," nor is there any "gossip."

在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
書: Shū — abbr. for 書經 (Shū jīng) (HSK 1)
塾: shú — private school
之外: zhī wài — 1. outside 2. excluding (HSK 5)
禁令: jìn lìng — 1. prohibition 2. ban
可比: kě bǐ — comparable
較: jiào — 1. (bound form) to compare 2. (literary) to dispute 3. compared to 4. (before an adjective) relatively; comparatively; rather 5. also pr. (jiǎo) (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
寬: Kuān — surname Kuan (HSK 4)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
各人: gè rén — each one; everyone
大概: dà gài — 1. roughly 2. probably 3. rough 4. approximate 5. about 6. general idea (HSK 3)
不一樣: bù yī yàng — 1. different 2. distinctive 3. unlike
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
能: Néng — surname Neng (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
大眾: Dà zhòng — Volkswagen (automobile manufacturer) (HSK 4)
面前: miàn qián — 1. in front of 2. facing 3. (in the) presence (of) (HSK 2)
冠冕堂皇: guān miǎn táng huáng — 1. high-sounding 2. dignified 3. pompous (idiom)
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
閱: yuè — 1. to inspect 2. to review 3. to read 4. to peruse 5. to go through 6. to experience
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
文昌: Wén chāng — Wenchang City, Hainan
帝: dì — (bound form) emperor; sovereign; supreme deity
君: jūn — 1. monarch 2. lord 3. gentleman 4. ruler
陰騭: yīn zhì — 1. charitable acts performed in secret 2. hidden good deeds
文: Wén — surname Wen (HSK 7-9)
圖: tú — 1. diagram 2. picture 3. drawing 4. chart 5. map 6. classifier: 張 (zhāng) 7. to plan 8. to scheme 9. to attempt 10. to pursue 11. to seek (HSK 3)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
玉: yù — jade (HSK 4)
歷: lì — 1. to experience 2. to undergo 3. to pass through 4. all 5. each 6. every 7. history
鈔: chāo — 1. money 2. paper money 3. variant of 抄 (chāo)
傳: chuán — 1. to pass on 2. to spread 3. to transmit 4. to infect 5. to transfer 6. to circulate 7. to conduct (electricity) (HSK 3)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
畫: huà — 1. to draw; to paint 2. picture; painting (classifier: 幅 (fú), 張 (zhāng)) 3. to draw (a line) (variant of 劃 (huà)) 4. stroke of a Chinese character (variant of 劃 (huà)) 5. (calligraphy) horizontal stroke (variant of 劃 (huà)) (HSK 2)
著: zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)
冥冥之中: míng míng zhī zhōng — 1. in the unseen world of spirits 2. mysteriously and inexorably
賞: shǎng — 1. to bestow (a reward) 2. to give (to an inferior) 3. to hand down 4. a reward (bestowed by a superior) 5. to appreciate (beauty) (HSK 4)
善: shàn — 1. good (virtuous) 2. benevolent 3. well-disposed 4. good at sth 5. to improve or perfect (HSK 7-9)
罰: fá — to punish; to penalize; to fine (HSK 5)
惡: ě — used in 惡心 (ě xīn) (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
故事: gù shì — old practice (HSK 2)
雷公: Léi gōng — Lei Gong or Duke of Thunder, the God of Thunder in Chinese mythology
電: diàn — 1. lightning 2. electricity 3. electric (bound form) 4. to get (or give) an electric shock 5. phone call or telegram etc 6. to send via telephone or telegram etc (HSK 1)
母: mǔ — 1. mother 2. elderly female relative 3. origin 4. source 5. (of animals) female (HSK 6)
站: zhàn — 1. station 2. to stand 3. to halt 4. to stop 5. branch of a company or organization 6. website (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
雲: Yún — 1. surname Yun 2. short name for Yunnan 雲南 (Yún nán) (HSK 2)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
牛頭: Niú Tóu — Ox-Head, one of the two guardians of the underworld in Chinese mythology
馬面: Mǎ Miàn — Horse-Face, one of the two guardians of the underworld in Chinese mythology
佈: bù — 1. variant of 布 (bù) 2. to announce 3. to spread (HSK 3)
滿: Mǎn — Manchu ethnic group (HSK 2)
地下: dì xià — 1. underground 2. subterranean 3. covert (HSK 4)
不但: bù dàn — not only (... but also ...) (HSK 2)
跳: tiào — 1. to jump 2. to hop 3. to skip over 4. to bounce 5. to palpitate (HSK 3)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
半天: bàn tiān — 1. half of the day 2. a long time 3. quite a while 4. midair 5. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 1)
空: kōng — 1. empty 2. air 3. sky 4. in vain (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
觸犯: chù fàn — 1. to violate 2. to offend (HSK 7-9)
天條: tiān tiáo — 1. heavenly decree; divine commandment; (fig.) unbreakable taboo; absolute edict (often humorous or sarcastic) 2. prohibition decrees of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 太平天國 (Tài píng Tiān guó)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
即使: jí shǐ — even if; even though (HSK 5)
半: bàn — 1. half 2. semi- 3. incomplete 4. (after a number) and a half (HSK 1)
語: yǔ — 1. dialect 2. language 3. speech
不合: bù hé — 1. to not conform to 2. to be unsuited to 3. to be out of keeping with 4. should not 5. ought out
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
念: niàn — 1. to read 2. to study (a subject) 3. to attend (a school) 4. to read aloud 5. to give (sb) a tongue-lashing (classifier: 頓 (dùn)) 6. to miss (sb) 7. idea 8. remembrance 9. twenty (banker's anti-fraud numeral corresponding to 廿 (niàn)) (HSK 3)
偶: ǒu — 1. accidental 2. image 3. pair 4. mate
差: chā — 1. difference; discrepancy 2. (math.) difference (amount remaining after a subtraction) 3. (literary) a little; somewhat; slightly (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
得: dé — 1. to obtain 2. to get 3. to gain 4. to catch (a disease) 5. proper 6. suitable 7. proud 8. contented 9. to allow 10. to permit 11. ready 12. finished (HSK 2)
受: shòu — 1. to receive 2. to accept 3. to suffer 4. subjected to 5. to bear 6. to stand 7. pleasant 8. (passive marker) 9. (LGBT) bottom (HSK 3)
相當: xiāng dāng — 1. equivalent to 2. appropriate 3. considerably 4. to a certain extent 5. fairly 6. quite (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
報應: bào yìng — (Buddhism) divine retribution; karma
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
報: bào — 1. to report; to inform; to announce 2. to respond; to reply 3. to sign up for; to register for (abbr. for 報名 (bào míng)) 4. to reward; to recompense 5. to take revenge; to retaliate 6. newspaper 7. periodical; journal 8. bulletin 9. telegram (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
並非: bìng fēi — really isn't (HSK 7-9)
睚眥: yá zì — 1. (literary) to glare in anger 2. (literary) (fig.) a small grievance
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
怨: yuàn — 1. to blame 2. (bound form) resentment; hatred; grudge (HSK 5)
因為: yīn wèi — because; owing to; on account of (HSK 2)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
地方: dì fāng — 1. region 2. regional (away from the central administration) 3. local (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
鬼神: guǐ shén — supernatural beings
為: wéi — 1. as (in the capacity of) 2. to take sth as 3. to act as 4. to serve as 5. to behave as 6. to become 7. to be 8. to do 9. by (in the passive voice) (HSK 2)
君: jūn — 1. monarch 2. lord 3. gentleman 4. ruler
公理: gōng lǐ — 1. self-evident truth 2. (math.) axiom
作: zuō — 1. (bound form) worker 2. (bound form) workshop 3. (slang) troublesome; high-maintenance (person) (HSK 6)
宰: zǎi — 1. to slaughter; to butcher; to kill (animals etc) 2. (coll.) to fleece; to rip off; to overcharge 3. (bound form) to govern; to rule 4. (bound form) (a title for certain government officials in ancient China) (HSK 7-9)
請: qǐng — 1. to ask 2. to invite 3. please (do sth) 4. to treat (to a meal etc) 5. to request (HSK 1)
酒: jiǔ — 1. wine (esp. rice wine) 2. liquor 3. spirits 4. alcoholic beverage 5. classifier: 杯 (bēi), 瓶 (píng), 罐 (guàn), 桶 (tǒng), 缸 (gāng) (HSK 2)
下跪: xià guì — 1. to kneel 2. to go down on one's knees
全都: quán dōu — 1. all 2. without exception (HSK 5)
無: mó — used in 南無 (nā mó) (HSK 4)
功: gōng — 1. meritorious deed or service 2. achievement 3. result 4. service 5. accomplishment 6. work (physics) (HSK 7-9)
簡直: jiǎn zhí — simply; really (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
無法: wú fǎ — unable to; incapable of (HSK 4)
可: kě — 1. (prefix) can; may; able to; -able 2. to approve; to permit 3. to suit 4. (particle used for emphasis) certainly; very 5. but; however (HSK 5)
想: xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
中國: Zhōng guó — China (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
天地: tiān dì — 1. heaven and earth 2. world 3. scope 4. field of activity (HSK 7-9)
間: jiān — 1. between 2. among 3. within a definite time or space 4. room 5. section of a room or lateral space between two pairs of pillars 6. classifier for rooms (HSK 1)
不但: bù dàn — not only (... but also ...) (HSK 2)
做人: zuò rén — 1. to conduct oneself 2. to behave with integrity
便是: biàn shì — 1. (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) 2. precisely 3. exactly 4. even 5. if 6. just like 7. in the same way as (HSK 6)
做鬼: zuò guǐ — 1. to play tricks 2. to cheat 3. to get up to mischief 4. to become a ghost 5. to give up the ghost
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
艱難: jiān nán — 1. difficult 2. hard 3. challenging (HSK 5)
極了: jí le — 1. extremely 2. exceedingly
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
究竟: jiū jìng — 1. to go to the bottom of a matter 2. after all 3. when all is said and done 4. (in an interrogative sentence) finally 5. outcome 6. result (HSK 4)
很: hěn — 1. very; quite 2. (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
比: Bǐ — 1. Belgium 2. Belgian 3. abbr. for 比利時 (Bǐ lì shí) (HSK 1)
陽間: yáng jiān — the world of the living
更: gēng — 1. to change or replace 2. to experience 3. one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was formerly divided 4. watch (e.g. of a sentry or guard) (HSK 2)
好: hǎo — 1. good 2. appropriate; proper 3. all right! 4. (before a verb) easy to 5. (before a verb) good to 6. (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so 7. (verb complement indicating completion) 8. (of two people) close; on intimate terms 9. (after a personal pronoun) hello (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
處所: chù suǒ — place
無所謂: wú suǒ wèi — 1. to be indifferent 2. not to matter 3. cannot be said to be (HSK 4)
紳士: shēn shì — gentleman (HSK 7-9)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
流言: liú yán — 1. rumor 2. gossip 3. to spread rumors

，，。As for the netherworld, if one wishes to be safe, one had better not praise it.，，，“”。Especially not someone who is fond of wielding a pen, in present-day China, under the rule of gossip, at a time when people are also given to loudly preaching that "word and deed must match."，，“，。There is a warning to be drawn from the past: I have heard that Artsybashev, in answer to a young girl's challenge, once said, "Only those who can find joy within the very facts of life itself are fit to go on living.，。”，，“……If they can see nothing there, they might really be better off dead." Whereupon a man named Mikhailov sent him a letter mocking and reviling him, saying, "......，，。”...and so I quite sincerely urge you to commit suicide, to settle the fortune of your own life, for this is, in the first place, logical, and in the second place, it will keep your words and your deeds from contradicting each other."

陰間: yīn jiān — 1. the nether world 2. Hades 3. (neologism) (slang) disturbing 4. unsettling 5. awful 6. detestable
倘: cháng — used in 倘佯 (cháng yáng)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
穩妥: wěn tuǒ — dependable (HSK 7-9)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
頌揚: sòng yáng — 1. to eulogize 2. to praise
不得: bù dé — 1. must not 2. may not 3. not to be allowed 4. cannot
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
尤其是: yóu qí shì — 1. especially 2. most of all 3. above all 4. in particular
常常: cháng cháng — frequently; often (HSK 1)
好: hǎo — 1. good 2. appropriate; proper 3. all right! 4. (before a verb) easy to 5. (before a verb) good to 6. (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so 7. (verb complement indicating completion) 8. (of two people) close; on intimate terms 9. (after a personal pronoun) hello (HSK 1)
弄: lòng — 1. lane 2. alley (HSK 2)
筆墨: bǐ mò — 1. pen and ink 2. words 3. writing
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
中國: Zhōng guó — China (HSK 1)
流言: liú yán — 1. rumor 2. gossip 3. to spread rumors
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
治下: zhì xià — under the jurisdiction of
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
大談: dà tán — 1. to harangue 2. to yak
言行一致: yán xíng yī zhì — (idiom) one's actions are in keeping with what one says
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
前: qián — 1. front 2. forward 3. ahead 4. first 5. top (followed by a number) 6. future 7. ago 8. before 9. BC (e.g. 前293年) 10. former 11. formerly (HSK 1)
車: Chē — surname Che (HSK 1)
可: kě — 1. (prefix) can; may; able to; -able 2. to approve; to permit 3. to suit 4. (particle used for emphasis) certainly; very 5. but; however (HSK 5)
鑒: jiàn — variant of 鑑 (jiàn)
聽說: tīng shuō — 1. to hear (sth said) 2. one hears (that) 3. hearsay 4. listening and speaking (HSK 2)
阿: ā — 1. prefix used before monosyllabic names, kinship terms etc to indicate familiarity 2. used in transliteration 3. (bound form) Afghanistan (abbr. for 阿富汗 (Ā fù hàn)) 4. (bound form) Albania (abbr. for 阿爾巴尼亞 (Ā ěr bā ní yà)) 5. (bound form) Algeria (abbr. for 阿爾及利亞 (Ā ěr jí lì yà)) 6. (bound form) Argentina (abbr. for 阿根廷 (Ā gēn tíng)) 7. also pr. (à)
爾: ěr — 1. thus 2. so 3. like that 4. you 5. thou
志: zhì — 1. aspiration 2. ambition 3. the will
跋: bá — 1. postscript 2. to trek across mountains
綏: suí — 1. to pacify 2. Taiwan pr. (suī)
夫: fū — 1. husband 2. man 3. manual worker 4. conscripted laborer (old)
曾: Zēng — surname Zeng (HSK 4)
答: dā — bound form having the same meaning as the free word 答 (dá), used in 答應 (dā ying), 答理 (dā li) etc (HSK 5)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
少女: shào nǚ — 1. girl 2. young lady (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
質問: zhì wèn — 1. to question 2. to ask questions 3. to inquire 4. to bring to account 5. to interrogate (HSK 7-9)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
惟有: wéi yǒu — variant of 唯有 (wéi yǒu)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
人生: rén shēng — life (one's time on earth) (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
事實: shì shí — 1. fact 2. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
本身: běn shēn — 1. itself 2. in itself 3. per se (HSK 6)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
尋出: xún chū — 1. to find out 2. to search out 3. to uncover 4. to discover
歡喜: huān xǐ — 1. happy 2. joyous 3. delighted 4. to like 5. to be fond of
者: zhě — 1. (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ... 2. (after a noun) person involved in ... 3. -er 4. -ist 5. (used after a number or 後 (hòu) or 前 (qián) to refer to sth mentioned previously) 6. (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term) 7. (old) (used at the end of a command) 8. (old) this
可以: kě yǐ — 1. can 2. may 3. possible 4. able to 5. not bad 6. pretty good (HSK 2)
活下去: huó xià qù — 1. to survive 2. to keep on living
倘若: tǎng ruò — if; supposing; in case (HSK 7-9)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
那裡: nà li — there; that place (HSK 1)
什麼: shén me — 1. what? 2. something; anything (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
不見: bù jiàn — 1. not to see 2. not to meet 3. to have disappeared 4. to be missing (HSK 6)
他們: tā men — they; them (HSK 1)
其實: qí shí — actually; in fact; really (HSK 3)
倒: dǎo — 1. to fall; to collapse; to lie horizontally 2. to fail; to go bankrupt 3. to overthrow 4. to change (trains or buses) 5. to move around 6. to resell at a profit (HSK 2)
不如: bù rú — 1. not equal to; not as good as; inferior to 2. it would be better to (HSK 2)
死: sǐ — 1. to die 2. impassable 3. uncrossable 4. inflexible 5. rigid 6. extremely 7. damned (HSK 3)
於是乎: yú shì hū — therefore
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
叫作: jiào zuò — 1. to call 2. to be called (HSK 2)
密: Mì — 1. surname Mi 2. name of an ancient state (HSK 4)
哈羅: hā luó — hello (loanword)
夫: fū — 1. husband 2. man 3. manual worker 4. conscripted laborer (old)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
寄: jì — 1. to entrust; to place in sb's care 2. (bound form) to depend on; to attach oneself to; to reside temporarily 3. (bound form) foster (as in 寄女[ji4 nu : 3] foster daughter) 4. to send by post; to mail (HSK 4)
信: xìn — 1. letter 2. mail 3. classifier: 封 (fēng) 4. to trust 5. to believe 6. to profess faith in 7. truthful 8. confidence 9. trust 10. at will 11. at random (HSK 2)
嘲: cháo — 1. to ridicule 2. to mock
罵: mà — 1. to scold 2. to abuse 3. to curse 4. classifier: 通 (tòng), 頓 (dùn) (HSK 5)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
道: dào — 1. road; path (classifier: 條 (tiáo), 股 (gǔ)) 2. (bound form) way; reason; principle 3. (bound form) a skill; an art; a specialization 4. (Daoism) the Way; the Dao 5. to say (introducing a direct quotation, as in a novel) 6. (bound form) to express; to extend (polite words) 7. classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks, shadows etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process 8. (old) circuit (administrative division) (HSK 2)
所以: suǒ yǐ — 1. therefore 2. as a result 3. so 4. the reason why (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
完全: wán quán — 1. complete; whole 2. totally; entirely (HSK 2)
誠實: chéng shí — honest (HSK 4)
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
勸: quàn — 1. to advise 2. to urge 3. to try to persuade 4. to exhort 5. to console 6. to soothe (HSK 5)
你: nǐ — you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 (nín)) (HSK 1)
自殺: zì shā — 1. to kill oneself 2. to commit suicide 3. to attempt suicide (HSK 5)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
禍福: huò fú — disaster and happiness
你: nǐ — you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 (nín)) (HSK 1)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
生命: shēng mìng — 1. life (as the characteristic of living beings) 2. living being; creature (classifier: 條 (tiáo)) (HSK 3)
因為: yīn wèi — because; owing to; on account of (HSK 2)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
第一: dì yī — 1. first 2. most important; primary; foremost
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
合於: hé yú — 1. to tally 2. to accord with 3. to fit
邏輯: luó ji — (loanword) logic (HSK 5)
第二: dì èr — 1. second 2. number two 3. next 4. secondary
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
你: nǐ — you (informal, as opposed to courteous 您 (nín)) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
言語: yán yǔ — 1. words 2. speech 3. (spoken) language (HSK 5)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
行為: xíng wéi — action; conduct; behavior; activity (HSK 2)
不至於: bù zhì yú — unlikely to go so far as to; not as bad as (HSK 6)
背: bēi — 1. to carry on one's back 2. (fig.) to bear; to shoulder (a burden, blame etc) (HSK 2)
馳: chí — 1. to run fast 2. to speed 3. to gallop 4. to disseminate 5. to spread

，。In truth this line of argument was nothing but murder — and it was thus that he found his own joy within his life.，。Artsybashev only vented a great torrent of grievance, but did not kill himself.，，“”。What became of Mr. Mikhailov afterward, I do not know — perhaps he lost that particular joy of his, or perhaps he found some other "something" instead.，“，，；True enough — "at such times, courage is safe;，。”and passion carries no risk at all."

其實: qí shí — actually; in fact; really (HSK 3)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
論法: lùn fǎ — argumentation
就是: jiù shì — 1. exactly; precisely 2. only; simply; just 3. (used correlatively with 也 (yě)) even; even if (HSK 3)
謀殺: móu shā — 1. to murder 2. to assassinate 3. intentional homicide
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
這樣: zhè yàng — 1. this way; like this; so 2. (before a noun) this kind of; such (HSK 2)
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人生: rén shēng — life (one's time on earth) (HSK 3)
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
尋出: xún chū — 1. to find out 2. to search out 3. to uncover 4. to discover
歡喜: huān xǐ — 1. happy 2. joyous 3. delighted 4. to like 5. to be fond of
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
阿: ā — 1. prefix used before monosyllabic names, kinship terms etc to indicate familiarity 2. used in transliteration 3. (bound form) Afghanistan (abbr. for 阿富汗 (Ā fù hàn)) 4. (bound form) Albania (abbr. for 阿爾巴尼亞 (Ā ěr bā ní yà)) 5. (bound form) Algeria (abbr. for 阿爾及利亞 (Ā ěr jí lì yà)) 6. (bound form) Argentina (abbr. for 阿根廷 (Ā gēn tíng)) 7. also pr. (à)
爾: ěr — 1. thus 2. so 3. like that 4. you 5. thou
志: zhì — 1. aspiration 2. ambition 3. the will
跋: bá — 1. postscript 2. to trek across mountains
綏: suí — 1. to pacify 2. Taiwan pr. (suī)
夫: fū — 1. husband 2. man 3. manual worker 4. conscripted laborer (old)
只: zhī — variant of 隻 (zhī) (HSK 2)
發: fā — 1. to send out 2. to show (one's feeling) 3. to issue 4. to develop 5. to make a bundle of money 6. classifier for gunshots (rounds) (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
一大通: yī dà tōng — (coll.) a whole lot of ...; an endless stream of ... (used in relation to excessive or tedious amounts of talk, explanations, complaints etc)
牢騷: láo sāo — 1. discontent 2. complaint 3. to complain
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
自殺: zì shā — 1. to kill oneself 2. to commit suicide 3. to attempt suicide (HSK 5)
密: Mì — 1. surname Mi 2. name of an ancient state (HSK 4)
哈羅: hā luó — hello (loanword)
夫: fū — 1. husband 2. man 3. manual worker 4. conscripted laborer (old)
先生: xiān sheng — 1. teacher 2. gentleman; sir; mister (Mr.) 3. husband 4. (dialect) doctor 5. classifier: 位 (wèi) (HSK 1)
後來: hòu lái — 1. afterwards; later 2. newly arrived (HSK 2)
不知: bù zhī — 1. not to know 2. unaware 3. unknowingly 4. fig. not to admit (defeat, hardships, tiredness etc) (HSK 7-9)
道: dào — 1. road; path (classifier: 條 (tiáo), 股 (gǔ)) 2. (bound form) way; reason; principle 3. (bound form) a skill; an art; a specialization 4. (Daoism) the Way; the Dao 5. to say (introducing a direct quotation, as in a novel) 6. (bound form) to express; to extend (polite words) 7. classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks, shadows etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process 8. (old) circuit (administrative division) (HSK 2)
怎樣: zěn yàng — 1. how 2. what kind (HSK 2)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
歡喜: huān xǐ — 1. happy 2. joyous 3. delighted 4. to like 5. to be fond of
失掉: shī diào — 1. to lose 2. to miss
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
或者: huò zhě — 1. or 2. possibly; maybe; perhaps (HSK 2)
另外: lìng wài — 1. additional 2. in addition 3. besides 4. separate 5. other 6. moreover 7. furthermore (HSK 3)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
尋: xún — 1. to search 2. to look for 3. to seek (HSK 7-9)
到了: dào liǎo — 1. at last 2. finally 3. in the end
什麼: shén me — 1. what? 2. something; anything (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
罷: bà — 1. to stop 2. to cease 3. to dismiss 4. to suspend 5. to quit 6. to finish
誠然: chéng rán — 1. indeed 2. true! (I agree with you)
這些: zhè xiē — these (HSK 1)
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
勇敢: yǒng gǎn — brave; courageous (HSK 4)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
安穩: ān wěn — steady; stable; sedate; calm; (of sleep) sound; (of a transition) smooth (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
情: qíng — 1. (bound form) feelings; emotion; sentiment; passion 2. (bound form) situation; condition (HSK 7-9)
熱: rè — 1. to warm up 2. to heat up 3. hot (of weather) 4. heat 5. fervent (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
毫無: háo wú — 1. not in the least 2. to completely lack (HSK 7-9)
危險: wēi xiǎn — 1. danger 2. dangerous (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

，，，；As for the netherworld, however, I have already sung its praises, and there is no taking it back now;“”，，。and though I may be suspected of "word and deed not matching," I have certainly never received so much as a farthing's subsidy from King Yama or his little demons — which may serve, more or less, as my own defense.，：In any case, let me simply go on writing:

然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
對於: duì yú — regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to (HSK 4)
陰間: yīn jiān — 1. the nether world 2. Hades 3. (neologism) (slang) disturbing 4. unsettling 5. awful 6. detestable
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
終於: zhōng yú — 1. at last 2. in the end 3. finally 4. eventually (HSK 3)
已經: yǐ jīng — already (HSK 2)
頌揚: sòng yáng — 1. to eulogize 2. to praise
過: Guō — surname Guo (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
無法: wú fǎ — unable to; incapable of (HSK 4)
追: duī — 1. to sculpt 2. to carve 3. musical instrument (old) (HSK 3)
改: gǎi — 1. to change 2. to alter 3. to transform 4. to correct (HSK 2)
雖: suī — 1. although 2. even though (HSK 6)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
言行不符: yán xíng bù fú — (idiom) to say one thing and do another
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
嫌: xián — 1. to dislike 2. suspicion 3. resentment 4. enmity 5. abbr. for 嫌犯 (xián fàn), criminal suspect (HSK 6)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
確: què — 1. authenticated 2. solid 3. firm 4. real 5. true
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
受過: shòu guò — to take the blame (for sb else) (HSK 7-9)
閻王: Yán wang — 1. (Buddhism) Yama, the King of Hell 2. (fig.) cruel and tyrannical person (HSK 7-9)
或: huò — 1. maybe 2. perhaps 3. might 4. possibly 5. or (HSK 2)
小鬼: xiǎo guǐ — 1. little demon (term of endearment for a child) 2. mischievous child 3. imp
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
半: bàn — 1. half 2. semi- 3. incomplete 4. (after a number) and a half (HSK 1)
文: Wén — surname Wen (HSK 7-9)
津貼: jīn tiē — allowance (HSK 7-9)
則: zé — 1. (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then 2. (bound form) standard; norm 3. (bound form) principle 4. (literary) to imitate; to follow 5. classifier for written items (HSK 7-9)
差: chā — 1. difference; discrepancy 2. (math.) difference (amount remaining after a subtraction) 3. (literary) a little; somewhat; slightly (HSK 1)
可以: kě yǐ — 1. can 2. may 3. possible 4. able to 5. not bad 6. pretty good (HSK 2)
自: zì — 1. (bound form) self; oneself 2. from; since 3. naturally; as a matter of course (HSK 4)
解: Xiè — surname Xie (HSK 6)
總而言之: zǒng ér yán zhī — 1. in short 2. in a word 3. in brief (HSK 7-9)
還是: hái shi — 1. still (as before) 2. had better 3. unexpectedly 4. or (HSK 1)
仍然: réng rán — still; as before; yet (HSK 3)
寫下: xiě xià — to write down
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
罷: bà — 1. to stop 2. to cease 3. to dismiss 4. to suspend 5. to quit 6. to finish

，，。Those pictures of the netherworld that I used to look at were all old books kept in the family, not something belonging to me alone.，：《》。The first picture-book I ever acquired that was truly my own was a gift from an elder: The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars.，，，，。Although it was no more than a thin little volume, with pictures below and text above, few ghosts and mostly people, and it belonged to me alone, it made me tremendously happy.，；The stories in it, it seems, were known to everyone;，，。even someone who could not read, Ah Chang for instance, needed only glance at a picture to pour forth, without pause, the whole tale it told.，，，，“”，，，。But once my delight had passed, disappointment soon followed, for after I had gotten someone to tell me all twenty-four stories, I discovered just how difficult "filial piety" truly was, and I gave up entirely on the foolish, wishful plan I had earlier entertained of becoming a filial son myself.

我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
那些: nà xiē — those (HSK 1)
陰間: yīn jiān — 1. the nether world 2. Hades 3. (neologism) (slang) disturbing 4. unsettling 5. awful 6. detestable
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
圖畫: tú huà — 1. drawing 2. picture (HSK 3)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
家: jiā — 1. home 2. family 3. (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) 4. classifier for families or businesses 5. refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China 6. noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian 7. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 1)
藏: Zàng — 1. Tibetan ethnic group 2. Tibet Autonomous Region (short name for 西藏自治區 (Xī zàng Zì zhì qū)) (HSK 6)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
老: lǎo — 1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2. old (of people) 3. venerable (person) 4. experienced 5. of long standing 6. always 7. all the time 8. of the past 9. very 10. outdated 11. (of meat etc) tough (HSK 1)
書: Shū — abbr. for 書經 (Shū jīng) (HSK 1)
並非: bìng fēi — really isn't (HSK 7-9)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
專有: zhuān yǒu — 1. exclusive 2. proprietary
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
收: shōu — 1. to receive 2. to accept 3. to collect 4. to put away 5. to restrain 6. to stop 7. in care of (used on address line after name) (HSK 2)
得: dé — 1. to obtain 2. to get 3. to gain 4. to catch (a disease) 5. proper 6. suitable 7. proud 8. contented 9. to allow 10. to permit 11. ready 12. finished (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
最先: zuì xiān — (the) very first
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
畫圖: huà tú — 1. to draw designs, maps etc 2. picture (e.g. of life in the city)
本子: běn zi — 1. book 2. notebook 3. Japanese-style self-published comic (esp. an erotic one), aka "dōjinshi" 4. classifier: 本 (běn) 5. edition (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
位: wèi — 1. position 2. location 3. place 4. seat 5. classifier for people (honorific) 6. classifier for binary bits (e.g. 十六位 16-bit or 2 bytes) 7. (physics) potential (HSK 2)
長輩: zhǎng bèi — 1. one's elders 2. older generation (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
贈品: zèng pǐn — 1. gift 2. complimentary item 3. freebie 4. giveaway
二十四孝: Èr shí sì Xiào — the Twenty-four Filial Exemplars, classic Confucian text on filial piety from Yuan dynasty
圖: tú — 1. diagram 2. picture 3. drawing 4. chart 5. map 6. classifier: 張 (zhāng) 7. to plan 8. to scheme 9. to attempt 10. to pursue 11. to seek (HSK 3)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
雖然: suī rán — although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 (kě shì) or 但是 (dàn shì) etc) (HSK 2)
不過: bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)
薄: Bó — surname Bo (HSK 4)
薄: Bó — surname Bo (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
本: běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)
書: Shū — abbr. for 書經 (Shū jīng) (HSK 1)
但是: dàn shì — but; however (HSK 2)
下: xià — 1. down 2. downwards 3. below 4. lower 5. later 6. next (week etc) 7. second (of two parts) 8. to decline 9. to go down 10. to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 11. measure word to show the frequency of an action (HSK 1)
圖: tú — 1. diagram 2. picture 3. drawing 4. chart 5. map 6. classifier: 張 (zhāng) 7. to plan 8. to scheme 9. to attempt 10. to pursue 11. to seek (HSK 3)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
鬼: guǐ — 1. disembodied spirit; ghost; devil 2. (suffix) person with a certain vice or addiction etc 3. sly; crafty; resourceful (variant of 詭 (guǐ)) 4. one of the 28 constellations of ancient Chinese astronomy (HSK 5)
少: shǎo — 1. few 2. less 3. to lack 4. to be missing 5. to stop (doing sth) 6. seldom (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
多: duō — 1. many; much; more; a lot of 2. too many; in excess 3. (after a numeral) ... odd 4. how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. (duó)) 5. (bound form) multi-; poly- (HSK 1)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
為: wéi — 1. as (in the capacity of) 2. to take sth as 3. to act as 4. to serve as 5. to behave as 6. to become 7. to be 8. to do 9. by (in the passive voice) (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
獨有: dú yǒu — 1. to own exclusively; unique to; specific 2. there is only
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
高興: gāo xìng — 1. happy 2. glad 3. willing (to do sth) 4. in a cheerful mood (HSK 1)
極了: jí le — 1. extremely 2. exceedingly
那裏: nà li — there; that place (HSK 1)
面的: miàn dī — 1. abbr. of 麵包車的士 (miàn bāo chē dī shì) 2. minivan taxi
故事: gù shì — old practice (HSK 2)
似乎: sì hū — it seems; seemingly; as if (HSK 4)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
誰: shéi — 1. who 2. also pr. (shuí) (HSK 1)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
知道: zhī dào — 1. to know; to become aware of 2. also pr. (zhī dao) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
便是: biàn shì — 1. (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) 2. precisely 3. exactly 4. even 5. if 6. just like 7. in the same way as (HSK 6)
不識字: bù shí zì — illiterate
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
例如: lì rú — for example; for instance; such as (HSK 2)
阿: ā — 1. prefix used before monosyllabic names, kinship terms etc to indicate familiarity 2. used in transliteration 3. (bound form) Afghanistan (abbr. for 阿富汗 (Ā fù hàn)) 4. (bound form) Albania (abbr. for 阿爾巴尼亞 (Ā ěr bā ní yà)) 5. (bound form) Algeria (abbr. for 阿爾及利亞 (Ā ěr jí lì yà)) 6. (bound form) Argentina (abbr. for 阿根廷 (Ā gēn tíng)) 7. also pr. (à)
長: cháng — 1. long 2. (bound form) length 3. (bound form) strong point; forte 4. (bound form) to be good at 5. (literary) surplus; spare (Taiwan pr. (zhàng)) (HSK 2)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
只要: zhǐ yào — so long as; provided; if (HSK 2)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
圖畫: tú huà — 1. drawing 2. picture (HSK 3)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
能夠: néng gòu — 1. to be capable of 2. to be able to 3. can (HSK 2)
滔滔: tāo tāo — torrential
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
講: jiǎng — 1. to speak 2. to explain 3. to negotiate 4. to emphasize 5. to be particular about 6. as far as sth is concerned 7. speech 8. lecture (HSK 2)
出: chū — 1. to go out; to come out 2. to arise; to occur 3. to produce; to yield 4. to go beyond; to exceed 5. (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) 6. classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
段: Duàn — surname Duan (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
跡: jì — 1. (bound form) trace; mark; vestige; clue 2. Taiwan pr. (jī)
但是: dàn shì — but; however (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
於: yú — 1. (of time or place) in; at; on 2. (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for 3. (indicating a source) from; out of 4. (used in comparison) than 5. (used in the passive voice) by (HSK 6)
高興: gāo xìng — 1. happy 2. glad 3. willing (to do sth) 4. in a cheerful mood (HSK 1)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
餘: yú — 1. extra 2. surplus 3. remaining 4. remainder after division 5. (following numerical value) or more 6. in excess of (some number) 7. residue (math.) 8. after 9. I 10. me (HSK 7-9)
接著: jiē zhe — 1. to catch and hold on 2. to continue 3. to go on to do sth 4. to follow 5. to carry on 6. then 7. after that 8. subsequently 9. to proceed 10. to ensue 11. in turn 12. in one's turn (HSK 2)
就是: jiù shì — 1. exactly; precisely 2. only; simply; just 3. (used correlatively with 也 (yě)) even; even if (HSK 3)
掃興: sǎo xìng — 1. to spoil things; to dampen spirits 2. to feel deflated; to be dispirited (HSK 7-9)
因為: yīn wèi — because; owing to; on account of (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
請: qǐng — 1. to ask 2. to invite 3. please (do sth) 4. to treat (to a meal etc) 5. to request (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
講: jiǎng — 1. to speak 2. to explain 3. to negotiate 4. to emphasize 5. to be particular about 6. as far as sth is concerned 7. speech 8. lecture (HSK 2)
完了: wán le — 1. to be finished 2. to be done for 3. ruined 4. gone to the dogs 5. oh no (HSK 5)
二十: èr shí — twenty; 20
四: sì — 1. four 2. 4 (HSK 1)
個: gě — used in 自個兒 (zì gě r) (HSK 1)
故事: gù shì — old practice (HSK 2)
之後: zhī hòu — 1. after; behind 2. (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then (HSK 4)
才: cái — 1. ability; talent 2. sb of a certain type 3. a capable individual 4. then and only then 5. just now 6. (before an expression of quantity) only 7. (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually (HSK 2)
知道: zhī dào — 1. to know; to become aware of 2. also pr. (zhī dao) (HSK 1)
孝: xiào — 1. filial piety or obedience 2. mourning apparel
有如: yǒu rú — 1. to be like sth 2. similar to 3. alike
此: cǐ — this; these (HSK 4)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
難: nán — 1. difficult (to...) 2. problem 3. difficulty 4. difficult 5. not good (HSK 1)
對於: duì yú — regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to (HSK 4)
先前: xiān qián — before; previously (HSK 5)
癡: chī — variant of 痴 (chī)
心: xīn — 1. heart 2. mind 3. intention 4. center 5. core 6. classifier: 顆 (kē), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
妄想: wàng xiǎng — 1. to attempt vainly 2. a vain attempt 3. delusion (HSK 7-9)
想: xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)
做: zuò — 1. to make; to produce 2. to write; to compose 3. to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) 4. (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) 5. (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for 6. to assume (an air or manner) (HSK 1)
孝子: xiào zǐ — filial son
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
計劃: jì huà — 1. plan 2. project 3. program 4. to plan 5. to map out 6. classifier: 個 (gè), 項 (xiàng) (HSK 2)
完全: wán quán — 1. complete; whole 2. totally; entirely (HSK 2)
絕望: jué wàng — 1. to despair 2. to give up all hope 3. desperate 4. desperation (HSK 5)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

“”？"At the beginning, human nature is good" — is that so?。That is not a question I intend to go into now.，，，。But I still dimly recall that, as a small child, I never once deliberately intended to be disobedient — toward my parents I was, in fact, quite eager to be filial.，“”，“”，“”，，。Only, being young and ignorant, I could interpret the practice of "filial obedience" only according to my own private notions, taking it to mean nothing more than "listening to what one is told," "obeying orders," and, once grown up, seeing to it that one's aged parents were well fed.，，。It was only after I got hold of this textbook of filial sons that I learned it was not so at all, and that it was in fact tens or hundreds of times harder than that.，“”，“”。“”，。“？”，“，。”，，。“”，。Among them there were of course some I could manage to imitate with a bit of effort, such as "Zilu Carrying Rice on His Back" or "Huang Xiang Fanning the Pillow." "Lu Ji Hiding Oranges in His Sleeve" was not difficult either, so long as some wealthy man invited me to dine. "Mr. Lu Xun, would you, a guest, hide oranges in your sleeve?" I would kneel and reply, "It is what my mother is fond of by nature; I wished to take them home to give to her." The wealthy man would be greatly impressed, and so my standing as a filial son would be secured — and quite effortlessly too. "Weeping at the Bamboo Until Shoots Grew" was more doubtful — I was afraid my sincerity might not be enough to move Heaven and Earth in that way.，，“”，。But failing to weep shoots into being would, after all, be no more than a loss of face; whereas with "Lying on the Ice to Seek Carp," one's very life would be at stake.，，，，，，，。The climate of my native place is mild; even in the depths of winter the water freezes only a thin layer of ice, and no matter how light a child's weight might be, the moment he lay down upon it there would surely come a crack, the ice would break, and he would fall into the water — long before any carp had time to swim up.，，，，，。Of course, one must be willing to disregard one's own life before filial devotion can move the gods and bring about some unexpected miracle — but I was still young then, and truly did not understand such things.

人之初，性本善: rén zhī chū , xìng běn shàn — man at birth is fundamentally good in nature (the first two lines of Three Character Classic 三字經 (Sān zì Jīng))
麼: má — exclamatory final particle
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
並非: bìng fēi — really isn't (HSK 7-9)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
加: Jiā — 1. Canada (abbr. for 加拿大 (Jiā ná dà)) 2. surname Jia (HSK 2)
研究: yán jiū — 1. research 2. a study 3. classifier: 項 (xiàng) 4. to research 5. to look into (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
問題: wèn tí — 1. question 2. problem 3. issue 4. topic 5. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 2)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
依稀: yī xī — 1. vaguely 2. dimly 3. probably 4. very likely
記得: jì de — to remember (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
幼小: yòu xiǎo — 1. young 2. immature
時候: shí hou — 1. time 2. length of time 3. moment 4. period (HSK 1)
實: shí — 1. real 2. true 3. honest 4. really 5. solid 6. fruit 7. seed 8. definitely
未嘗: wèi cháng — 1. not ever 2. not necessarily
蓄意: xù yì — 1. deliberate 2. premeditated 3. malice
忤逆: wǔ nì — disobedient to parents
對於: duì yú — regarding; as far as (sth) is concerned; with regard to (HSK 4)
父母: fù mǔ — father and mother; parents (HSK 3)
倒是: dào shi — 1. contrary to what one might expect 2. actually 3. contrariwise 4. why don't you (HSK 5)
極: jí — 1. extremely 2. pole (geography, physics) 3. utmost 4. top (HSK 4)
願意: yuàn yì — 1. to wish 2. to want 3. ready 4. willing (to do sth) (HSK 2)
孝順: xiào shùn — 1. filial 2. dutiful 3. devoted to one's parents (and grandparents etc) 4. to show filial piety towards (an older family member) 5. filial piety (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
不過: bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)
年幼: nián yòu — 1. young 2. underage
無知: wú zhī — 1. ignorant 2. ignorance (HSK 7-9)
只: zhī — variant of 隻 (zhī) (HSK 2)
用: yòng — 1. to use; to make use of; to employ 2. (coverb) with; using 3. to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions) 4. usefulness; utility 5. (bound form) expense; outlay 6. (courteous) to eat; to drink 7. (literary) hence; therefore (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
私: sī — 1. personal 2. private 3. selfish
見: jiàn — 1. to see 2. to meet 3. to appear (to be sth) 4. to interview 5. opinion 6. view (HSK 1)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
解釋: jiě shì — 1. explanation 2. to explain 3. to interpret 4. to resolve 5. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 4)
孝順: xiào shùn — 1. filial 2. dutiful 3. devoted to one's parents (and grandparents etc) 4. to show filial piety towards (an older family member) 5. filial piety (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
做法: zuò fǎ — 1. way of handling sth 2. method for making 3. work method 4. recipe 5. practice 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 2)
以為: yǐ wéi — to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) (HSK 2)
無非: wú fēi — 1. only 2. nothing else (HSK 7-9)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
聽話: tīng huà — 1. to do what one is told 2. obedient (HSK 7-9)
從命: cóng mìng — 1. to obey an order 2. to comply 3. to do sb's bidding 4. to do as requested
以及: yǐ jí — and; as well as (HSK 4)
長大: zhǎng dà — to grow up (HSK 2)
之後: zhī hòu — 1. after; behind 2. (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then (HSK 4)
給: gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)
年老: nián lǎo — aged
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
父母: fù mǔ — father and mother; parents (HSK 3)
好好: hǎo hǎo — well; carefully; nicely; properly (HSK 3)
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
吃飯: chī fàn — 1. to have a meal 2. to eat 3. to make a living (HSK 1)
罷了: bà le — a modal particle indicating (that's all, only, nothing much) (HSK 6)
自從: zì cóng — 1. since (a time) 2. ever since (HSK 3)
得了: dé le — 1. all right! 2. that's enough! (HSK 5)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
本: běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)
孝子: xiào zǐ — filial son
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
教科書: jiào kē shū — 1. textbook 2. classifier: 本 (běn) (HSK 7-9)
以後: yǐ hòu — 1. after 2. later 3. afterwards 4. following 5. later on 6. in the future (HSK 2)
才: cái — 1. ability; talent 2. sb of a certain type 3. a capable individual 4. then and only then 5. just now 6. (before an expression of quantity) only 7. (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually (HSK 2)
知道: zhī dào — 1. to know; to become aware of 2. also pr. (zhī dao) (HSK 1)
並不: bìng bù — not at all; by no means
然: rán — 1. correct 2. right 3. so 4. thus 5. like this 6. -ly
而且: ér qiě — 1. (not only ...) but also 2. moreover; in addition; furthermore (HSK 2)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
難: nán — 1. difficult (to...) 2. problem 3. difficulty 4. difficult 5. not good (HSK 1)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
幾: jī — (literary) almost (HSK 1)
十幾: shí jǐ — more than ten; a dozen or more
百倍: bǎi bèi — 1. a hundredfold; (fig.) markedly 2. to increase markedly (transitive or intransitive) (often in reference to abstract attributes)
其中: qí zhōng — 1. among 2. in 3. included among these (HSK 2)
自然: zì rán — 1. nature 2. natural 3. naturally (HSK 3)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
可以: kě yǐ — 1. can 2. may 3. possible 4. able to 5. not bad 6. pretty good (HSK 2)
勉力: miǎn lì — 1. to strive 2. to make an effort 3. to exert oneself
仿效: fǎng xiào — to copy; to imitate
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
如: rú — 1. as 2. as if 3. such as (HSK 6)
子路: Zǐ Lù — Zi Lu (542-480 BC), disciple of Confucius 孔夫子 (Kǒng fū zǐ), also known as Ji Lu 季路 (Jì Lù)
負: fù — 1. to bear 2. to carry (on one's back) 3. to turn one's back on 4. to be defeated 5. negative (math. etc) (HSK 6)
米: Mǐ — surname Mi (HSK 2)
黃: Huáng — surname Huang or Hwang (HSK 2)
香: xiāng — 1. fragrant 2. sweet smelling 3. aromatic 4. savory or appetizing 5. (to eat) with relish 6. (of sleep) sound 7. perfume or spice 8. joss or incense stick 9. classifier: 根 (gēn) (HSK 3)
扇: shān — 1. to fan 2. to slap sb on the face (HSK 5)
枕: zhěn — 1. (bound form) pillow 2. to rest one's head on (Taiwan pr. (zhèn))
之類: zhī lèi — 1. and so on 2. and such (HSK 6)
陸: Lù — surname Lu
績: jì — 1. to spin (hemp etc) 2. merit 3. accomplishment 4. Taiwan pr. (jī)
懷: Huái — surname Huai
橘: jú — 1. mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) 2. tangerine
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
並不: bìng bù — not at all; by no means
難: nán — 1. difficult (to...) 2. problem 3. difficulty 4. difficult 5. not good (HSK 1)
只要: zhǐ yào — so long as; provided; if (HSK 2)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
闊人: kuò rén — 1. rich person 2. the rich
請: qǐng — 1. to ask 2. to invite 3. please (do sth) 4. to treat (to a meal etc) 5. to request (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
吃飯: chī fàn — 1. to have a meal 2. to eat 3. to make a living (HSK 1)
魯迅: Lǔ Xùn — Lu Xun (1881-1936), one of the earliest and best-known modern Chinese writers
先生: xiān sheng — 1. teacher 2. gentleman; sir; mister (Mr.) 3. husband 4. (dialect) doctor 5. classifier: 位 (wèi) (HSK 1)
作: zuō — 1. (bound form) worker 2. (bound form) workshop 3. (slang) troublesome; high-maintenance (person) (HSK 6)
賓客: bīn kè — 1. guests 2. visitors
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
懷: Huái — surname Huai
橘: jú — 1. mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) 2. tangerine
乎: hū — 1. (classical particle similar to 於 (yú)) in 2. at 3. from 4. because 5. than 6. (classical final particle similar to 嗎 (ma), 吧 (ba), 呢 (ne), expressing question, doubt or astonishment)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
便: biàn — 1. plain 2. informal 3. suitable 4. convenient 5. opportune 6. to urinate or defecate 7. equivalent to 就 (jiù): then 8. in that case 9. even if 10. soon afterwards (HSK 6)
跪: guì — to kneel (HSK 6)
答: dā — bound form having the same meaning as the free word 答 (dá), used in 答應 (dā ying), 答理 (dā li) etc (HSK 5)
吾: Wú — surname Wu
母: mǔ — 1. mother 2. elderly female relative 3. origin 4. source 5. (of animals) female (HSK 6)
性: xìng — 1. nature 2. character 3. property 4. quality 5. attribute 6. sexuality 7. sex 8. gender 9. suffix forming adjective from verb 10. suffix forming noun from adjective, corresponding to -ness or -ity 11. essence 12. classifier: 個 (gè)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
愛: ài — 1. to love; to be fond of; to like 2. affection 3. to be inclined (to do sth); to tend to (happen) (HSK 1)
欲: yù — 1. to wish for 2. to desire 3. variant of 慾 (yù)
歸: Guī — surname Gui (HSK 4)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
遺: yí — (bound form) to leave behind
母: mǔ — 1. mother 2. elderly female relative 3. origin 4. source 5. (of animals) female (HSK 6)
闊人: kuò rén — 1. rich person 2. the rich
大: dà — 1. big; large; great 2. older (than another person) 3. eldest (as in 大姐 (dà jiě)) 4. greatly; freely; fully 5. (dialect) father 6. (dialect) uncle (father's brother) (HSK 1)
佩服: pèi fú — to admire (HSK 7-9)
於是: yú shì — thereupon; as a result; consequently; thus; hence (HSK 4)
孝子: xiào zǐ — filial son
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
做: zuò — 1. to make; to produce 2. to write; to compose 3. to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) 4. (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) 5. (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for 6. to assume (an air or manner) (HSK 1)
穩: wěn — settled; steady; stable (HSK 4)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
非常: fēi cháng — 1. very; really 2. unusual; extraordinary (HSK 1)
省事: shěng shì — to simplify matters; to save trouble (HSK 7-9)
哭: kū — to cry; to weep (HSK 2)
竹: zhú — 1. (bound form) bamboo 2. Kangxi radical 118
生: shēng — 1. to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born 2. to arise; to occur 3. to light (a fire) 4. to live; to be alive 5. life 6. raw; uncooked; unprocessed 7. unfamiliar; strange 8. (bound form) student; person engaged in a field 9. (bound form) male role in traditional opera 10. (bound form) life; lifetime 11. (bound form) means of livelihood 12. (bound form) very; intensely (as in 生疼 (shēng téng)) 13. (bound form) in a forced manner (as in 生拉硬拽 (shēng lā yìng zhuài)) (HSK 2)
筍: sǔn — bamboo shoot
就: jiù — 1. (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then 2. (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after 3. (same as 就是 (jiù shì)) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly 4. only; as little as 5. as much as; as many as 6. to approach; to move towards 7. to undertake; to engage in 8. (often followed by 著 (zhe)) taking advantage of 9. (of food) to go with 10. with regard to; concerning 11. (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就 (yī cù ér jiù)) 12. (pattern: 就 (jiù) ... 也 (yě) ...) even if ... still ... 13. (pattern: 不 (bù) ... 就 (jiù) ...) if not ... then must be ... (HSK 1)
可疑: kě yí — 1. suspicious 2. dubious (HSK 7-9)
怕: Pà — surname Pa (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
精誠: jīng chéng — 1. sincerity 2. absolute good faith
未必: wèi bì — 1. not necessarily 2. maybe not (HSK 4)
會: huì — 1. can; to have the skill; to know how to 2. to be likely to; to be sure to 3. to meet; to get together 4. meeting; gathering 5. (suffix) union; group; association 6. (bound form) a moment (Taiwan pr. (huǐ)) (HSK 1)
這樣: zhè yàng — 1. this way; like this; so 2. (before a noun) this kind of; such (HSK 2)
感動: gǎn dòng — 1. to move (sb) 2. to touch (sb emotionally) 3. moving (HSK 2)
天地: tiān dì — 1. heaven and earth 2. world 3. scope 4. field of activity (HSK 7-9)
但是: dàn shì — but; however (HSK 2)
哭: kū — to cry; to weep (HSK 2)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
出: chū — 1. to go out; to come out 2. to arise; to occur 3. to produce; to yield 4. to go beyond; to exceed 5. (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result) 6. classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc (HSK 1)
筍: sǔn — bamboo shoot
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
不過: bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)
拋臉: pāo liǎn — 1. to lose face 2. humiliation
而已: ér yǐ — 1. that's all 2. nothing more (HSK 7-9)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
臥: wò — 1. to lie 2. to crouch (HSK 7-9)
冰: bīng — 1. ice 2. classifier: 塊 (kuài) 3. to chill sth 4. (of an object or substance) to feel cold 5. (of a person) cold 6. unfriendly 7. (slang) methamphetamine (HSK 4)
求: qiú — 1. to seek 2. to look for 3. to request 4. to demand 5. to beseech (HSK 2)
鯉: lǐ — carp
可就: kě jiù — certainly
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
性命: xìng mìng — life (HSK 7-9)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
虞: Yú — surname Yu
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
鄉: xiāng — 1. country or countryside 2. native place 3. home village or town 4. township (PRC administrative unit) (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
天氣: tiān qì — weather (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
溫和: wēn hé — 1. mild 2. gentle 3. moderate (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
嚴冬: yán dōng — severe winter
中: Zhōng — 1. (bound form) China; Chinese 2. surname Zhong (HSK 1)
水面: shuǐ miàn — water surface (HSK 7-9)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
只: zhī — variant of 隻 (zhī) (HSK 2)
結: jiē — 1. (of a plant) to produce (fruit or seeds) 2. Taiwan pr. (jié) (HSK 4)
一層: yī céng — one layer; one level
薄: Bó — surname Bo (HSK 4)
冰: bīng — 1. ice 2. classifier: 塊 (kuài) 3. to chill sth 4. (of an object or substance) to feel cold 5. (of a person) cold 6. unfriendly 7. (slang) methamphetamine (HSK 4)
即使: jí shǐ — even if; even though (HSK 5)
孩子: hái zi — child (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
重量: zhòng liàng — 1. weight 2. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 4)
怎樣: zěn yàng — 1. how 2. what kind (HSK 2)
小: xiǎo — 1. small 2. tiny 3. few 4. young (HSK 1)
躺: tǎng — 1. to recline 2. to lie down (HSK 4)
上去: shàng qù — to go up (HSK 3)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
一定: yī dìng — 1. surely; certainly; definitely 2. fixed; settled 3. a certain ...; a given ... (HSK 2)
嘩: huā — 1. (onom.) bang 2. clang 3. sound of gurgling, splashing or flowing water 4. (interjection expressing surprise) wow
喇: lā — (onom.) sound of wind, rain etc
一聲: yī shēng — first tone in Mandarin (high, level tone)
冰: bīng — 1. ice 2. classifier: 塊 (kuài) 3. to chill sth 4. (of an object or substance) to feel cold 5. (of a person) cold 6. unfriendly 7. (slang) methamphetamine (HSK 4)
破: pò — 1. broken 2. damaged 3. worn out 4. lousy 5. rotten 6. to break, split or cleave 7. to get rid of 8. to destroy 9. to break with 10. to defeat 11. to capture (a city etc) 12. to expose the truth of (HSK 3)
落水: luò shuǐ — 1. to fall into water 2. to sink 3. overboard 4. fig. to degenerate 5. to sink (into depravity) 6. to go to the dogs
鯉魚: lǐ yú — carp
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
不及: bù jí — 1. to fall short of 2. not as good as 3. too late
遊: yóu — 1. to walk 2. to tour 3. to roam 4. to travel (HSK 3)
過來: guò lái — 1. to come over 2. to manage 3. to handle 4. to be able to take care of (HSK 2)
自然: zì rán — 1. nature 2. natural 3. naturally (HSK 3)
必須: bì xū — 1. to have to 2. must 3. compulsory 4. necessarily (HSK 2)
不顧: bù gù — in spite of; regardless of (HSK 5)
性命: xìng mìng — life (HSK 7-9)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
才: cái — 1. ability; talent 2. sb of a certain type 3. a capable individual 4. then and only then 5. just now 6. (before an expression of quantity) only 7. (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually (HSK 2)
孝感: Xiào gǎn — see 孝感市 (Xiào gǎn Shì)
神明: shén míng — 1. deities 2. gods
會: huì — 1. can; to have the skill; to know how to 2. to be likely to; to be sure to 3. to meet; to get together 4. meeting; gathering 5. (suffix) union; group; association 6. (bound form) a moment (Taiwan pr. (huǐ)) (HSK 1)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
出乎意料: chū hū yì liào — (idiom) unexpected
之外: zhī wài — 1. outside 2. excluding (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
奇跡: qí jì — variant of 奇蹟 (qí jì) (HSK 7-9)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
小: xiǎo — 1. small 2. tiny 3. few 4. young (HSK 1)
實在: shí zài — 1. really 2. actually 3. indeed 4. true 5. real 6. honest 7. dependable 8. (philosophy) reality (HSK 2)
不明: bù míng — 1. not clear 2. unknown 3. to fail to understand
白: Bái — 1. surname Bai 2. Bai ethnic group (HSK 1)
這些: zhè xiē — these (HSK 1)

，，“”“”。The two stories that puzzled me most, and even aroused my aversion, were "Lao Lai Amusing His Parents" and "Guo Ju Burying His Son."

其中: qí zhōng — 1. among 2. in 3. included among these (HSK 2)
最: zuì — 1. (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est 2. (after 之 (zhī)) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最 (shì jiè zhī zuì) "the greatest in the world") (HSK 1)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
不解: bù jiě — 1. to not understand 2. to be puzzled by 3. indissoluble (HSK 7-9)
甚至於: shèn zhì yú — 1. so much (that) 2. even (to the extent that) (HSK 7-9)
發生: fā shēng — to happen; to occur; to take place; to break out (HSK 3)
反感: fǎn gǎn — 1. to be disgusted with 2. to dislike 3. bad reaction 4. antipathy (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
老: lǎo — 1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2. old (of people) 3. venerable (person) 4. experienced 5. of long standing 6. always 7. all the time 8. of the past 9. very 10. outdated 11. (of meat etc) tough (HSK 1)
萊: lái — 1. name of weed plant (fat hen, goosefoot, pigweed etc) 2. Chenopodium album
娛: yú — to amuse
親: qīn — 1. parent 2. one's own (flesh and blood) 3. relative 4. related 5. marriage 6. bride 7. close 8. intimate 9. in person 10. first-hand 11. in favor of 12. pro- 13. to kiss 14. (Internet slang) dear (HSK 3)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
郭: Guō — surname Guo
巨: jù — 1. very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic 2. (coll.) very; extremely
埋: mái — to bury (HSK 6)
兒: ér — 1. child 2. son
兩: liǎng — 1. two 2. both 3. some 4. a few 5. tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1⁄16 of a catty 斤 (jīn) (old) (HSK 1)
件: jiàn — 1. item 2. component 3. classifier for events, things, clothes etc (HSK 2)
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)

，，，。Even now I still remember how differently I felt about, on the one hand, an old man lying before his parents, and, on the other, a small child held in his mother's arms.“”。Both of them held in one hand a "rattle-drum."，，，：“，，；This little toy is indeed a charming thing; in Beijing it is called a xiaogu, being in fact what is anciently called a tao. Zhu Xi says: "The tao is a small drum, with pellets on either side;，，”。when one grasps its handle and shakes it, the pellets on either side strike back against it of their own accord," going gudong-gudong as it sounds.，。But this is not a thing that ought to be in Lao Lai's hand — he ought to be leaning on a walking stick instead.，，。As it is depicted now, it is nothing but sheer pretense, an insult to children.，，。I never looked at it a second time; the moment I reached that page, I would hastily turn it over.

我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
至今: zhì jīn — 1. so far 2. to this day 3. until now (HSK 3)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
記得: jì de — to remember (HSK 1)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
躺: tǎng — 1. to recline 2. to lie down (HSK 4)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
父母: fù mǔ — father and mother; parents (HSK 3)
跟前: gēn qián — 1. the front (of) 2. (in) front 3. (in) sb's presence 4. just before (a date) (HSK 5)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
老頭子: lǎo tóu zi — 1. (coll.) old man 2. (said of an aging husband) my old man
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
抱: bào — 1. to hold 2. to carry (in one's arms) 3. to hug 4. to embrace 5. to surround 6. to cherish 7. (coll.) (of clothes) to fit nicely (HSK 4)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
母親: mǔ qīn — mother (HSK 3)
手: shǒu — 1. hand 2. (formal) to hold 3. person engaged in certain types of work 4. person skilled in certain types of work 5. personal(ly) 6. convenient 7. classifier for skill 8. classifier: 雙 (shuāng), 隻 (zhī) (HSK 1)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
小孩子: xiǎo hái zi — child
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
怎樣: zěn yàng — 1. how 2. what kind (HSK 2)
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
發生: fā shēng — to happen; to occur; to take place; to break out (HSK 3)
不同: bù tóng — 1. different 2. distinct 3. not the same 4. not alike (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
感想: gǎn xiǎng — 1. impressions 2. reflections 3. thoughts 4. classifier: 通 (tòng), 個 (gè) (HSK 5)
呵: ā — variant of 啊 (ā)
他們: tā men — they; them (HSK 1)
一手: yī shǒu — 1. a skill 2. mastery of a trade 3. by oneself 4. without outside help (HSK 7-9)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
拿: ná — 1. to hold 2. to seize 3. to catch 4. to apprehend 5. to take 6. (used in the same way as 把 (bǎ): to mark the following noun as a direct object) (HSK 1)
著: zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)
搖: Yáo — surname Yao (HSK 4)
咕咚: gū dōng — 1. splash 2. (onom.) for heavy things falling down
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
玩意兒: wán yì r — erhua variant of 玩意 (wán yì) (HSK 7-9)
確是: què shì — certainly
可愛: kě ài — 1. adorable 2. cute 3. lovely (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
北京: Běi jīng — Beijing municipality, capital of the People's Republic of China (short name 京 (Jīng)) (HSK 1)
稱為: chēng wéi — to be called; to be known as; to call it "..." (HSK 3)
小鼓: xiǎo gǔ — snare drum
蓋: Gě — surname Ge (HSK 4)
即: jí — 1. namely 2. that is 3. i.e. 4. prompt 5. at once 6. at present 7. even if 8. prompted (by the occasion) 9. to approach 10. to come into contact 11. to assume (office) 12. to draw near (HSK 7-9)
鼗: táo — see 撥浪鼓 (bō lang gǔ)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
朱熹: Zhū Xī — Zhu Xi or Chu Hsi (1130-1200), also known as Master Zhu 朱子 (Zhū zǐ), Song dynasty Confucian writer and propagandist, founder of neo-Confucianism
曰: yuē — 1. to speak 2. to say (HSK 7-9)
鼗: táo — see 撥浪鼓 (bō lang gǔ)
小鼓: xiǎo gǔ — snare drum
兩旁: liǎng páng — both sides; either side
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
耳: ěr — 1. ear 2. handle (archaeology) 3. and that is all (Classical Chinese)
持: chí — 1. to hold 2. to grasp 3. to support 4. to maintain 5. to persevere 6. to manage 7. to run (i.e. administer) 8. to control (HSK 7-9)
其: qí — 1. his 2. her 3. its 4. their 5. that 6. such 7. it (refers to sth preceding it) (HSK 5)
柄: bǐng — 1. handle or shaft (of an axe etc) 2. (of a flower, leaf or fruit) stem 3. sth that affords an advantage to an opponent 4. classifier for knives or blades
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
搖: Yáo — surname Yao (HSK 4)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
則: zé — 1. (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then 2. (bound form) standard; norm 3. (bound form) principle 4. (literary) to imitate; to follow 5. classifier for written items (HSK 7-9)
旁: páng — 1. one side 2. other 3. different 4. lateral component of a Chinese character (such as 刂 (dāo), 亻 (rén) etc) (HSK 5)
耳: ěr — 1. ear 2. handle (archaeology) 3. and that is all (Classical Chinese)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
自: zì — 1. (bound form) self; oneself 2. from; since 3. naturally; as a matter of course (HSK 4)
擊: jī — 1. to hit 2. to strike 3. to break 4. Taiwan pr. (jí)
咕咚: gū dōng — 1. splash 2. (onom.) for heavy things falling down
咕咚: gū dōng — 1. splash 2. (onom.) for heavy things falling down
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
響起: xiǎng qǐ — 1. (of a sound) to come forth 2. (of a sound source) to ring out 3. to sound 4. to go off (HSK 7-9)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
東西: dōng xī — east and west (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
不該: bù gāi — 1. should not 2. to owe nothing
拿: ná — 1. to hold 2. to seize 3. to catch 4. to apprehend 5. to take 6. (used in the same way as 把 (bǎ): to mark the following noun as a direct object) (HSK 1)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
老: lǎo — 1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2. old (of people) 3. venerable (person) 4. experienced 5. of long standing 6. always 7. all the time 8. of the past 9. very 10. outdated 11. (of meat etc) tough (HSK 1)
萊: lái — 1. name of weed plant (fat hen, goosefoot, pigweed etc) 2. Chenopodium album
子: zǐ — 1. son 2. child 3. seed 4. egg 5. small thing 6. 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat 7. viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 (wǔ děng jué wèi) 8. ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north) 9. subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
手裡: shǒu lǐ — 1. in hand 2. (a situation is) in sb's hands (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
應該: yīng gāi — ought to; should; must (HSK 2)
扶: fú — 1. to support with the hand 2. to help sb up 3. to support oneself by holding onto something 4. to help (HSK 5)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
枝: zhī — 1. branch 2. classifier for sticks, rods, pencils etc (HSK 6)
拐杖: guǎi zhàng — 1. crutches 2. crutch 3. walking stick (HSK 7-9)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
模樣: mú yàng — 1. look 2. style 3. appearance 4. approximation 5. about 6. classifier: 個 (gè) 7. also pr. (mó yàng) (HSK 5)
簡直: jiǎn zhí — simply; really (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
裝佯: zhuāng yáng — affectation
侮辱: wǔ rǔ — 1. to insult 2. to humiliate 3. dishonor (HSK 7-9)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
孩子: hái zi — child (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
再: zài — 1. again; once more; re- 2. further; beyond this point of time 3. (before an adjective) more 4. then (after sth, and not until then) 5. no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 (yě) or 都 (dōu) for emphasis) 6. (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則 (zài zé), 再就是 (zài jiù shì) etc) 7. (literary) to reappear; to reoccur (HSK 1)
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
第二: dì èr — 1. second 2. number two 3. next 4. secondary
回: Huí — Hui ethnic group (Chinese Muslims) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
葉: Yè — surname Ye
便急: biàn jí — 1. to need the toilet 2. urinary or defecatory urgency
速: sù — 1. fast 2. rapid 3. quick 4. velocity
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
翻過: fān guò — 1. to turn over 2. to transform
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

《》，，，：“，，，。That copy of The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars from those days has long since vanished, I know not where; the only one I now possess is a volume illustrated by the Japanese artist Oda Kaisen, which relates the story of Lao Lai thus: "Though seventy years of age, he never spoke of being old; he constantly wore garments of five gaudy colors, and played the infant at his parents' side.，，，。”，“”。He would also often carry water up into the hall, and, feigning a stumble, fall to the ground and cry like a baby, so as to please his parents' hearts." The old edition was probably much the same, and what aroused my aversion was precisely this "feigning a stumble."，，“”，，。Whether disobedient or filial, most children have no wish to "pretend," and when listening to stories they likewise dislike being told falsehoods — this is something anyone who has paid even the slightest attention to child psychology knows well.

那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
二十四孝: Èr shí sì Xiào — the Twenty-four Filial Exemplars, classic Confucian text on filial piety from Yuan dynasty
圖: tú — 1. diagram 2. picture 3. drawing 4. chart 5. map 6. classifier: 張 (zhāng) 7. to plan 8. to scheme 9. to attempt 10. to pursue 11. to seek (HSK 3)
早已: zǎo yǐ — 1. for a long time; long since 2. (dialect) in the past (HSK 3)
不知去向: bù zhī qù xiàng — 1. whereabouts unknown 2. gone missing
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
目下: mù xià — at present
所有: suǒ yǒu — 1. all 2. to have; to possess; to own (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
只是: zhǐ shì — 1. merely; only; just; nothing but 2. simply 3. but; however (HSK 3)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
本日: běn rì — today
本: běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)
小: xiǎo — 1. small 2. tiny 3. few 4. young (HSK 1)
田: Tián — surname Tian (HSK 6)
海: Hǎi — surname Hai (HSK 2)
僊: xiān — variant of 仙 (xiān)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
畫: huà — 1. to draw; to paint 2. picture; painting (classifier: 幅 (fú), 張 (zhāng)) 3. to draw (a line) (variant of 劃 (huà)) 4. stroke of a Chinese character (variant of 劃 (huà)) 5. (calligraphy) horizontal stroke (variant of 劃 (huà)) (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
本子: běn zi — 1. book 2. notebook 3. Japanese-style self-published comic (esp. an erotic one), aka "dōjinshi" 4. classifier: 本 (běn) 5. edition (HSK 1)
敘: Xù — abbr. for Syria 敘利亞 (Xù lì yà)
老: lǎo — 1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2. old (of people) 3. venerable (person) 4. experienced 5. of long standing 6. always 7. all the time 8. of the past 9. very 10. outdated 11. (of meat etc) tough (HSK 1)
萊: lái — 1. name of weed plant (fat hen, goosefoot, pigweed etc) 2. Chenopodium album
子: zǐ — 1. son 2. child 3. seed 4. egg 5. small thing 6. 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat 7. viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 (wǔ děng jué wèi) 8. ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north) 9. subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)
云: yún — (classical) to say (HSK 2)
行: háng — 1. (bound form) row; line 2. (bound form) line of business; trade; profession 3. (bound form) commercial firm 4. (bound form) to rank (first, second etc) among one's siblings (by age) 5. (in data tables) row; (Tw) column 6. classifier for rows or lines (HSK 1)
年: Nián — surname Nian (HSK 1)
七十: qī shí — 1. seventy 2. 70
言: yán — 1. words 2. speech 3. to say 4. to talk
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
稱: chèn — 1. to fit; to match; to suit 2. (coll.) to have; to possess 3. Taiwan pr. (chèng)
老: lǎo — 1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2. old (of people) 3. venerable (person) 4. experienced 5. of long standing 6. always 7. all the time 8. of the past 9. very 10. outdated 11. (of meat etc) tough (HSK 1)
常: Cháng — surname Chang (HSK 1)
著: zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)
五色: wǔ sè — 1. multicolored 2. the rainbow 3. garish
斑斕: bān lán — gorgeous; brightly colored; multicolored
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
衣: yī — 1. clothes 2. classifier: 件 (jiàn) 3. Kangxi radical 145
為: wéi — 1. as (in the capacity of) 2. to take sth as 3. to act as 4. to serve as 5. to behave as 6. to become 7. to be 8. to do 9. by (in the passive voice) (HSK 2)
嬰兒: yīng ér — 1. infant 2. baby 3. classifier: 個 (gè) 4. lead (Pb) (HSK 7-9)
戲: xì — 1. trick 2. drama 3. play 4. show 5. classifier: 齣 (chū), 場 (chǎng), 臺 (tái) (HSK 5)
於: yú — 1. (of time or place) in; at; on 2. (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for 3. (indicating a source) from; out of 4. (used in comparison) than 5. (used in the passive voice) by (HSK 6)
親: qīn — 1. parent 2. one's own (flesh and blood) 3. relative 4. related 5. marriage 6. bride 7. close 8. intimate 9. in person 10. first-hand 11. in favor of 12. pro- 13. to kiss 14. (Internet slang) dear (HSK 3)
側: cè — 1. the side 2. to incline towards 3. to lean 4. inclined 5. lateral 6. side (HSK 6)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
常: Cháng — surname Chang (HSK 1)
取水: qǔ shuǐ — 1. water intake 2. to obtain water (from a well etc)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
堂: táng — 1. (main) hall 2. large room for a specific purpose 3. classifier: 間 (jiān) 4. relationship between cousins etc on the paternal side of a family 5. of the same clan 6. classifier for classes, lectures etc 7. classifier for sets of furniture (HSK 7-9)
詐: zhà — 1. to cheat 2. to swindle 3. to pretend 4. to feign 5. to draw sb out 6. to try to extract information by deceit or bluff
跌: diē — 1. to fall 2. to tumble 3. to trip 4. (of prices etc) to drop 5. Taiwan pr. (dié) (HSK 6)
仆: pū — 1. to fall forward 2. to fall prostrate
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
作: zuō — 1. (bound form) worker 2. (bound form) workshop 3. (slang) troublesome; high-maintenance (person) (HSK 6)
嬰兒: yīng ér — 1. infant 2. baby 3. classifier: 個 (gè) 4. lead (Pb) (HSK 7-9)
啼: tí — 1. (bound form) to cry; to weep loudly 2. (bound form) (of a bird or animal) to crow; to hoot; to screech
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
娛: yú — to amuse
親: qīn — 1. parent 2. one's own (flesh and blood) 3. relative 4. related 5. marriage 6. bride 7. close 8. intimate 9. in person 10. first-hand 11. in favor of 12. pro- 13. to kiss 14. (Internet slang) dear (HSK 3)
意: yì — 1. (bound form) idea; thought; meaning; sense 2. (bound form) intention; feeling; inclination; state of mind 3. (bound form) Italy (abbr. for 意大利 (Yì dà lì))
大約: dà yuē — 1. approximately 2. probably (HSK 3)
舊: jiù — 1. old 2. opposite: new 新 3. former 4. worn (with age) (HSK 3)
本: běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
差不多: chà bu duō — 1. almost 2. nearly 3. more or less 4. about the same 5. good enough 6. not bad (HSK 2)
而: ér — 1. and 2. as well as 3. and so 4. but (not) 5. yet (not) 6. (indicates causal relation) 7. (indicates change of state) 8. (indicates contrast) (HSK 4)
招: zhāo — 1. to recruit 2. to provoke 3. to beckon 4. to incur 5. to infect 6. contagious 7. a move (chess) 8. a maneuver 9. device 10. trick 11. to confess (HSK 6)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
反感: fǎn gǎn — 1. to be disgusted with 2. to dislike 3. bad reaction 4. antipathy (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
便是: biàn shì — 1. (emphasizes that sth is precisely or exactly as stated) 2. precisely 3. exactly 4. even 5. if 6. just like 7. in the same way as (HSK 6)
詐: zhà — 1. to cheat 2. to swindle 3. to pretend 4. to feign 5. to draw sb out 6. to try to extract information by deceit or bluff
跌: diē — 1. to fall 2. to tumble 3. to trip 4. (of prices etc) to drop 5. Taiwan pr. (dié) (HSK 6)
無論: wú lùn — 1. no matter what or how 2. regardless of whether... (HSK 4)
忤逆: wǔ nì — disobedient to parents
無論: wú lùn — 1. no matter what or how 2. regardless of whether... (HSK 4)
孝順: xiào shùn — 1. filial 2. dutiful 3. devoted to one's parents (and grandparents etc) 4. to show filial piety towards (an older family member) 5. filial piety (HSK 7-9)
小孩子: xiǎo hái zi — child
多: duō — 1. many; much; more; a lot of 2. too many; in excess 3. (after a numeral) ... odd 4. how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. (duó)) 5. (bound form) multi-; poly- (HSK 1)
不願: bù yuàn — unwilling
意: yì — 1. (bound form) idea; thought; meaning; sense 2. (bound form) intention; feeling; inclination; state of mind 3. (bound form) Italy (abbr. for 意大利 (Yì dà lì))
詐: zhà — 1. to cheat 2. to swindle 3. to pretend 4. to feign 5. to draw sb out 6. to try to extract information by deceit or bluff
作: zuō — 1. (bound form) worker 2. (bound form) workshop 3. (slang) troublesome; high-maintenance (person) (HSK 6)
聽: tīng — 1. to listen to; to hear 2. to heed; to obey 3. a can (loanword from English "tin") 4. classifier for canned beverages 5. to let be; to allow (Taiwan pr. (tìng)) 6. (literary) to administer; to deal with (Taiwan pr. (tìng)) (HSK 1)
故事: gù shì — old practice (HSK 2)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
喜歡: xǐ huan — to like; to be fond of (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
謠言: yáo yán — rumor (HSK 7-9)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
凡: fán — 1. ordinary 2. commonplace 3. mundane 4. temporal 5. of the material world (as opposed to supernatural or immortal levels) 6. every 7. all 8. whatever 9. altogether 10. gist 11. outline 12. note of Chinese musical scale (HSK 7-9)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
稍稍: shāo shāo — 1. somewhat 2. a little 3. slightly (HSK 7-9)
留心: liú xīn — to be careful; to pay attention to (HSK 7-9)
兒童: ér tóng — child (HSK 4)
心理: xīn lǐ — psychology; mentality (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
知道: zhī dào — 1. to know; to become aware of 2. also pr. (zhī dao) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)

，。Yet on checking an older book, one finds it was not, after all, quite so false as this.《》，“……In Shi Jueshou's Biographies of Filial Sons: "Lao Lai......，，，，。”（《》），。...constantly wore gaudy-colored garments; when fetching drink for his parents, he stumbled on entering the hall, and, fearing to wound his parents' hearts, fell stiffly to the ground and cried like an infant." (Quoted in the Taiping Yulan, chapter 413.) Compared with the present-day version, this seems to come a little closer to human feeling.，“”，。Somehow or other, the gentlemen of later ages felt compelled to rewrite it so that he was "feigning" the fall, and only then could their hearts be at ease.，“”，，。When Deng Bodao abandoned his own son to save his nephew, one would think it was, after all, simply a matter of "abandoning" him — yet muddled, reckless men must go so far as to say he tied his son to a tree so that the boy could not catch up with them, before they are willing to let the matter rest.“”，，，。Just as with taking "the sickeningly mawkish for the delightful," they have made what is contrary to human feeling into moral principle, slandering the ancients and corrupting those who came after.，，。Lao Lai is a case in point: just when the moralists consider him a flawless piece of white jade, he has, in fact, already died in the hearts of children.

然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
較: jiào — 1. (bound form) to compare 2. (literary) to dispute 3. compared to 4. (before an adjective) relatively; comparatively; rather 5. also pr. (jiǎo) (HSK 3)
古: Gǔ — surname Gu (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
書: Shū — abbr. for 書經 (Shū jīng) (HSK 1)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
查: Zhā — surname Zha (HSK 2)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
還: Huán — surname Huan (HSK 1)
不至於: bù zhì yú — unlikely to go so far as to; not as bad as (HSK 6)
如此: rú cǐ — like this; so; such (HSK 5)
虛偽: xū wěi — 1. false 2. hypocritical 3. artificial 4. sham (HSK 7-9)
師: Shī — surname Shi
覺: jiào — 1. a nap 2. a sleep 3. classifier: 場 (cháng) (HSK 6)
授: shòu — 1. (bound form) to confer; to give 2. (bound form) to teach; to instruct 3. (literary) to appoint
孝子: xiào zǐ — filial son
傳: chuán — 1. to pass on 2. to spread 3. to transmit 4. to infect 5. to transfer 6. to circulate 7. to conduct (electricity) (HSK 3)
老: lǎo — 1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2. old (of people) 3. venerable (person) 4. experienced 5. of long standing 6. always 7. all the time 8. of the past 9. very 10. outdated 11. (of meat etc) tough (HSK 1)
萊: lái — 1. name of weed plant (fat hen, goosefoot, pigweed etc) 2. Chenopodium album
子: zǐ — 1. son 2. child 3. seed 4. egg 5. small thing 6. 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat 7. viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 (wǔ děng jué wèi) 8. ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north) 9. subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
常: Cháng — surname Chang (HSK 1)
著: zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)
斑斕: bān lán — gorgeous; brightly colored; multicolored
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
衣: yī — 1. clothes 2. classifier: 件 (jiàn) 3. Kangxi radical 145
為: wéi — 1. as (in the capacity of) 2. to take sth as 3. to act as 4. to serve as 5. to behave as 6. to become 7. to be 8. to do 9. by (in the passive voice) (HSK 2)
親: qīn — 1. parent 2. one's own (flesh and blood) 3. relative 4. related 5. marriage 6. bride 7. close 8. intimate 9. in person 10. first-hand 11. in favor of 12. pro- 13. to kiss 14. (Internet slang) dear (HSK 3)
取: qǔ — 1. to take 2. to get 3. to choose 4. to fetch (HSK 2)
飲: yǐn — to drink
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
堂: táng — 1. (main) hall 2. large room for a specific purpose 3. classifier: 間 (jiān) 4. relationship between cousins etc on the paternal side of a family 5. of the same clan 6. classifier for classes, lectures etc 7. classifier for sets of furniture (HSK 7-9)
腳: jiǎo — 1. foot 2. leg (of an animal or an object) 3. base (of an object) 4. classifier: 雙 (shuāng), 隻 (zhī) 5. classifier for kicks (HSK 2)
跌: diē — 1. to fall 2. to tumble 3. to trip 4. (of prices etc) to drop 5. Taiwan pr. (dié) (HSK 6)
恐: kǒng — 1. afraid 2. frightened 3. to fear
傷: shāng — 1. to injure 2. injury 3. wound (HSK 3)
父母: fù mǔ — father and mother; parents (HSK 3)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
心: xīn — 1. heart 2. mind 3. intention 4. center 5. core 6. classifier: 顆 (kē), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
僵: jiāng — 1. rigid 2. deadlock 3. stiff (corpse) (HSK 7-9)
仆: pū — 1. to fall forward 2. to fall prostrate
為: wéi — 1. as (in the capacity of) 2. to take sth as 3. to act as 4. to serve as 5. to behave as 6. to become 7. to be 8. to do 9. by (in the passive voice) (HSK 2)
嬰兒: yīng ér — 1. infant 2. baby 3. classifier: 個 (gè) 4. lead (Pb) (HSK 7-9)
啼: tí — 1. (bound form) to cry; to weep loudly 2. (bound form) (of a bird or animal) to crow; to hoot; to screech
太平御覽: Tài píng Yù lǎn — Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era, general Song dynasty encyclopedia compiled during 977-983 under Li Fang 李昉 (Lǐ Fǎng), 1000 scrolls
四: sì — 1. four 2. 4 (HSK 1)
百十: bǎi shí — a hundred or so
三: Sān — surname San (HSK 1)
引: yǐn — 1. to draw (e.g. a bow) 2. to pull 3. to stretch sth 4. to extend 5. to lengthen 6. to involve or implicate in 7. to attract 8. to lead 9. to guide 10. to leave 11. to provide evidence or justification for 12. old unit of distance equal to 10 丈 (zhàng), one-thirtieth of a km or 33.33 meters (HSK 4)
較: jiào — 1. (bound form) to compare 2. (literary) to dispute 3. compared to 4. (before an adjective) relatively; comparatively; rather 5. also pr. (jiǎo) (HSK 3)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
今: jīn — 1. now 2. the present time 3. current 4. contemporary 5. this (day, year etc)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
似: shì — used in 似的 (shì de)
稍: shāo — 1. somewhat 2. a little (HSK 5)
近: jìn — 1. near 2. close to 3. approximately (HSK 2)
於: yú — 1. (of time or place) in; at; on 2. (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for 3. (indicating a source) from; out of 4. (used in comparison) than 5. (used in the passive voice) by (HSK 6)
人情: rén qíng — 1. human emotions 2. social relationship; friendship 3. favor; a good turn (HSK 7-9)
不知: bù zhī — 1. not to know 2. unaware 3. unknowingly 4. fig. not to admit (defeat, hardships, tiredness etc) (HSK 7-9)
怎: zěn — how
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
後: hòu — 1. back 2. behind 3. rear 4. afterwards 5. after 6. later 7. post- (HSK 1)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
君子: jūn zǐ — 1. nobleman 2. person of noble character (HSK 7-9)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
一定: yī dìng — 1. surely; certainly; definitely 2. fixed; settled 3. a certain ...; a given ... (HSK 2)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
改: gǎi — 1. to change 2. to alter 3. to transform 4. to correct (HSK 2)
得: dé — 1. to obtain 2. to get 3. to gain 4. to catch (a disease) 5. proper 6. suitable 7. proud 8. contented 9. to allow 10. to permit 11. ready 12. finished (HSK 2)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
詐: zhà — 1. to cheat 2. to swindle 3. to pretend 4. to feign 5. to draw sb out 6. to try to extract information by deceit or bluff
起來: qǐ lai — 1. to stand up; to get up 2. also pr. (qǐ lái) (HSK 1)
心裡: xīn li — 1. chest 2. heart; mind (HSK 2)
才能: cái néng — 1. talent 2. ability 3. capacity (HSK 3)
舒服: shū fu — 1. comfortable 2. feeling well (HSK 2)
鄧: Dèng — surname Deng
伯: bà — variant of 霸 (bà)
道: dào — 1. road; path (classifier: 條 (tiáo), 股 (gǔ)) 2. (bound form) way; reason; principle 3. (bound form) a skill; an art; a specialization 4. (Daoism) the Way; the Dao 5. to say (introducing a direct quotation, as in a novel) 6. (bound form) to express; to extend (polite words) 7. classifier for long thin things (rivers, cracks, shadows etc), barriers (walls, doors etc), questions (in an exam etc), commands, courses in a meal, steps in a process 8. (old) circuit (administrative division) (HSK 2)
棄子: qì zǐ — 1. sacrificed piece (in chess or Go) 2. abandoned child 3. (fig.) sth that has been abandoned or sacrificed (an ally, a product, employees etc) 4. (in expressions such as 拋家棄子 (pāo jiā qì zǐ)) to abandon one's child(ren)
救: jiù — 1. to save 2. to assist 3. to rescue (HSK 3)
侄: zhí — variant of 姪 (zhí)
想來: xiǎng lái — it may be assumed that
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
不過: bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)
棄: qì — 1. to abandon 2. to relinquish 3. to discard 4. to throw away
而已: ér yǐ — 1. that's all 2. nothing more (HSK 7-9)
矣: yǐ — classical final particle, similar to modern 了 (le) (HSK 7-9)
昏: hūn — 1. muddle-headed 2. twilight 3. to faint 4. to lose consciousness (HSK 6)
妄人: wàng rén — presumptuous and ignorant person
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
必須: bì xū — 1. to have to 2. must 3. compulsory 4. necessarily (HSK 2)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
將: jiāng — 1. will 2. shall 3. to use 4. to take 5. to checkmate 6. just a short while ago 7. (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把 (bǎ)) (HSK 5)
兒子: ér zi — son (HSK 1)
捆: kǔn — 1. a bunch 2. to tie together 3. bundle (HSK 7-9)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
樹: shù — 1. tree 2. classifier: 棵 (kē) 3. to cultivate 4. to set up (HSK 1)
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
追: duī — 1. to sculpt 2. to carve 3. musical instrument (old) (HSK 3)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
上來: shàng lái — 1. to come up 2. to approach 3. (verb complement indicating success) (HSK 3)
才: cái — 1. ability; talent 2. sb of a certain type 3. a capable individual 4. then and only then 5. just now 6. (before an expression of quantity) only 7. (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually (HSK 2)
肯: kěn — 1. to agree; to consent 2. to be willing to (HSK 6)
歇手: xiē shǒu — 1. to rest 2. to take a break
正如: zhèng rú — 1. just as 2. precisely as (HSK 5)
將: jiāng — 1. will 2. shall 3. to use 4. to take 5. to checkmate 6. just a short while ago 7. (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把 (bǎ)) (HSK 5)
肉麻: ròu má — 1. sickening 2. corny 3. sappy 4. maudlin 5. fulsome (of praise)
當作: dàng zuò — 1. to treat as 2. to regard as (HSK 6)
有趣: yǒu qù — interesting; fascinating; amusing (HSK 4)
一般: yī bān — 1. same 2. ordinary 3. so-so 4. common 5. general 6. generally 7. in general (HSK 2)
以: Yǐ — abbr. for Israel 以色列 (Yǐ sè liè) (HSK 7-9)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
情: qíng — 1. (bound form) feelings; emotion; sentiment; passion 2. (bound form) situation; condition (HSK 7-9)
為: wéi — 1. as (in the capacity of) 2. to take sth as 3. to act as 4. to serve as 5. to behave as 6. to become 7. to be 8. to do 9. by (in the passive voice) (HSK 2)
倫: lún — 1. human relationship 2. order 3. coherence
紀: Jǐ — 1. surname Ji 2. also pr. (Jì)
誣衊: wū miè — 1. to slander 2. to smear 3. to vilify
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
古人: gǔ rén — 1. people of ancient times 2. the ancients 3. extinct human species such as Homo erectus or Homo neanderthalensis 4. (literary) deceased person (HSK 7-9)
教壞: jiāo huài — 1. to misguide 2. to corrupt (sb)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
後人: hòu rén — later generation (HSK 7-9)
老: lǎo — 1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2. old (of people) 3. venerable (person) 4. experienced 5. of long standing 6. always 7. all the time 8. of the past 9. very 10. outdated 11. (of meat etc) tough (HSK 1)
萊: lái — 1. name of weed plant (fat hen, goosefoot, pigweed etc) 2. Chenopodium album
子: zǐ — 1. son 2. child 3. seed 4. egg 5. small thing 6. 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat 7. viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 (wǔ děng jué wèi) 8. ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north) 9. subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
即: jí — 1. namely 2. that is 3. i.e. 4. prompt 5. at once 6. at present 7. even if 8. prompted (by the occasion) 9. to approach 10. to come into contact 11. to assume (office) 12. to draw near (HSK 7-9)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
例: lì — 1. example 2. precedent 3. rule 4. case 5. instance
道學: dào xué — 1. Confucian study of ethics 2. study of Daoism 3. school for Daoism in Tang and Song times 4. Daoist magic 5. another name for 理學, rational learning of Song dynasty neo-Confucianism
先生: xiān sheng — 1. teacher 2. gentleman; sir; mister (Mr.) 3. husband 4. (dialect) doctor 5. classifier: 位 (wèi) (HSK 1)
以為: yǐ wéi — to think; to believe (often with the implication that the belief is mistaken – unless referring to one's own current belief) (HSK 2)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
白璧無瑕: bái bì wú xiá — impeccable moral integrity
時: Shí — surname Shi (HSK 3)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
已: yǐ — 1. already 2. to stop 3. then 4. afterwards (HSK 3)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
孩子: hái zi — child (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
心中: xīn zhōng — 1. central point 2. in one's thoughts 3. in one's heart (HSK 2)
死掉: sǐ diào — to die
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)

“”，。As for Guo Ju's son, playing with his "rattle-drum," he truly deserves our sympathy.，；He is held in his mother's arms, laughing happily away;，。while his father is at that very moment digging a hole, about to bury him alive.，“，，。The explanatory text reads: "Guo Ju of the Han dynasty was poor; he had a son of three, to whom his mother would give part of her own food, having reduced her own portion for his sake.，，。Ju said to his wife: We are too poor to properly support my mother, and now our son is also taking a share of her food.？”《》，：，；Why not bury this child?" Yet what Liu Xiang's Biographies of Filial Sons tells is somewhat different: Guo Ju's family was rich, and he had given all of it away to his two younger brothers;，。and the child was newly born, not yet three years old at all.，“，，：，，！”The ending, however, is again roughly the same: "When they had dug the pit two feet deep, they found a cauldron of gold, upon which was written: Heaven bestows this upon Guo Ju; no official may take it, no commoner may seize it!"

至於: zhì yú — 1. as for 2. as to 3. to go so far as to (HSK 6)
玩: wán — 1. to play 2. to have fun 3. to trifle with 4. toy 5. sth used for amusement 6. curio or antique (Taiwan pr. (wàn)) 7. to keep sth for entertainment
著: zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)
搖: Yáo — surname Yao (HSK 4)
咕咚: gū dōng — 1. splash 2. (onom.) for heavy things falling down
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
郭: Guō — surname Guo
巨: jù — 1. very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic 2. (coll.) very; extremely
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
兒子: ér zi — son (HSK 1)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
實在: shí zài — 1. really 2. actually 3. indeed 4. true 5. real 6. honest 7. dependable 8. (philosophy) reality (HSK 2)
值得: zhí de — 1. worth the money 2. to merit; to deserve; to be worth (doing sth) (HSK 3)
同情: tóng qíng — 1. to sympathize with 2. sympathy (HSK 4)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
被: bèi — 1. quilt 2. to cover (with) 3. (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) 4. used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) 5. (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊[bei4 lu : 3 you2] to "go on a trip") (HSK 3)
抱: bào — 1. to hold 2. to carry (in one's arms) 3. to hug 4. to embrace 5. to surround 6. to cherish 7. (coll.) (of clothes) to fit nicely (HSK 4)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
母親: mǔ qīn — mother (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
臂膊: bì bó — arm
上: shǎng — used in 上聲 (shǎng shēng) (HSK 1)
高高興興: gāo gāo xìng xìng — 1. cheerful and optimistic 2. in a good mood 3. gaily
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
笑: xiào — 1. to laugh; to smile 2. to laugh at (HSK 1)
著: zhāo — 1. a move in chess (Taiwan pr. (zhuó)) 2. trick; tactic 3. (dialect) okay; all right 4. (dialect) to put in; to add (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
父親: fù qīn — 1. father 2. also pr. (fù qin) 3. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
正在: zhèng zài — to be in the process of (doing sth); to be currently ...-ing (HSK 1)
掘: jué — to dig
窟窿: kū long — 1. hole 2. pocket 3. cavity 4. loophole 5. debt (HSK 7-9)
要: yāo — (bound form) to demand; to coerce (HSK 1)
將: jiāng — 1. will 2. shall 3. to use 4. to take 5. to checkmate 6. just a short while ago 7. (introduces object of main verb, used in the same way as 把 (bǎ)) (HSK 5)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
埋: mái — to bury (HSK 6)
掉: diào — 1. to fall 2. to drop 3. to lag behind 4. to lose 5. to go missing 6. to reduce 7. fall (in prices) 8. to lose (value, weight etc) 9. to wag 10. to swing 11. to turn 12. to change 13. to exchange 14. to swap 15. to show off 16. to shed (hair) 17. (used after certain verbs to express completion, fulfillment, removal etc) (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
說明: shuō míng — 1. to explain 2. to illustrate 3. to indicate 4. to show 5. to prove 6. explanation 7. directions 8. caption 9. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 2)
漢: Hàn — 1. Han ethnic group 2. Chinese (language) 3. the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
郭: Guō — surname Guo
巨: jù — 1. very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic 2. (coll.) very; extremely
家: jiā — 1. home 2. family 3. (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) 4. classifier for families or businesses 5. refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China 6. noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian 7. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 1)
貧: pín — 1. poor 2. inadequate 3. deficient 4. garrulous
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
子: zǐ — 1. son 2. child 3. seed 4. egg 5. small thing 6. 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat 7. viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 (wǔ děng jué wèi) 8. ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north) 9. subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
三: Sān — surname San (HSK 1)
歲: suì — 1. classifier for years (of age) 2. year 3. year (of crop harvests) (HSK 1)
母: mǔ — 1. mother 2. elderly female relative 3. origin 4. source 5. (of animals) female (HSK 6)
嘗: cháng — 1. to taste; to try (food) 2. to experience 3. (literary) ever; once (HSK 5)
減: jiǎn — 1. to lower 2. to decrease 3. to reduce 4. to subtract 5. to diminish (HSK 4)
食: shí — 1. to eat 2. food 3. animal feed 4. eclipse
與: yú — variant of 歟 (yú) (HSK 6)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
巨: jù — 1. very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic 2. (coll.) very; extremely
謂: Wèi — surname Wei
妻: qī — (bound form) wife
曰: yuē — 1. to speak 2. to say (HSK 7-9)
貧乏: pín fá — 1. impoverished 2. lacking 3. deficient 4. limited 5. meager 6. impoverishment 7. lack 8. deficiency
不能: bù néng — 1. cannot 2. must not 3. should not
供: gōng — 1. to provide; to supply 2. to be for (the use or convenience of) (HSK 7-9)
母: mǔ — 1. mother 2. elderly female relative 3. origin 4. source 5. (of animals) female (HSK 6)
子: zǐ — 1. son 2. child 3. seed 4. egg 5. small thing 6. 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat 7. viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 (wǔ děng jué wèi) 8. ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north) 9. subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
分母: fēn mǔ — (math.) denominator of a fraction
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
食: shí — 1. to eat 2. food 3. animal feed 4. eclipse
盍: hé — why not
埋: mái — to bury (HSK 6)
此: cǐ — this; these (HSK 4)
子: zǐ — 1. son 2. child 3. seed 4. egg 5. small thing 6. 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat 7. viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位 (wǔ děng jué wèi) 8. ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north) 9. subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
但是: dàn shì — but; however (HSK 2)
劉向: Liú Xiàng — Liu Xiang (77-6 BC), Han Dynasty scholar and author
孝子: xiào zǐ — filial son
傳: chuán — 1. to pass on 2. to spread 3. to transmit 4. to infect 5. to transfer 6. to circulate 7. to conduct (electricity) (HSK 3)
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
說: shuì — to persuade (HSK 1)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
有些: yǒu xiē — 1. some 2. somewhat; rather; a bit
不同: bù tóng — 1. different 2. distinct 3. not the same 4. not alike (HSK 2)
巨: jù — 1. very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic 2. (coll.) very; extremely
家: jiā — 1. home 2. family 3. (polite) my (sister, uncle etc) 4. classifier for families or businesses 5. refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China 6. noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian 7. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
富: Fù — surname Fu (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
他: tā — 1. (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his 2. (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日 (tā rì) and 他人 (tā rén)) (HSK 1)
都: Dū — surname Du (HSK 1)
給: gěi — 1. to 2. for 3. for the benefit of 4. to give 5. to allow 6. to do sth (for sb) 7. (grammatical equivalent of 被) 8. (grammatical equivalent of 把) 9. (sentence intensifier) (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
兩: liǎng — 1. two 2. both 3. some 4. a few 5. tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1⁄16 of a catty 斤 (jīn) (old) (HSK 1)
弟: dì — 1. younger brother 2. junior male 3. I (modest word in letter) (HSK 1)
孩子: hái zi — child (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
才: cái — 1. ability; talent 2. sb of a certain type 3. a capable individual 4. then and only then 5. just now 6. (before an expression of quantity) only 7. (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually (HSK 2)
生: shēng — 1. to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born 2. to arise; to occur 3. to light (a fire) 4. to live; to be alive 5. life 6. raw; uncooked; unprocessed 7. unfamiliar; strange 8. (bound form) student; person engaged in a field 9. (bound form) male role in traditional opera 10. (bound form) life; lifetime 11. (bound form) means of livelihood 12. (bound form) very; intensely (as in 生疼 (shēng téng)) 13. (bound form) in a forced manner (as in 生拉硬拽 (shēng lā yìng zhuài)) (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
並: bìng — 1. and 2. furthermore 3. also 4. together with 5. (not) at all 6. simultaneously 7. to combine 8. to join 9. to merge (HSK 3)
沒有: méi yǒu — 1. haven't 2. hasn't 3. doesn't exist 4. to not have 5. to not be (HSK 1)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
三: Sān — surname San (HSK 1)
歲: suì — 1. classifier for years (of age) 2. year 3. year (of crop harvests) (HSK 1)
結末: jié mò — 1. ending 2. finally
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
大略: dà lüè — 1. a broad outline 2. the general idea 3. roughly
相: Xiāng — surname Xiang
象: xiàng — 1. elephant 2. classifier: 隻 (zhī) 3. shape 4. form 5. appearance 6. to imitate
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
及: jí — 1. and 2. to reach 3. up to 4. in time for (HSK 7-9)
掘: jué — to dig
坑: kēng — 1. pit; hollow; depression 2. (mining) pit; shaft; tunnel 3. (literary) to bury alive 4. (coll.) to cheat; to scam; to screw over (HSK 7-9)
二: èr — 1. two 2. 2 3. (Beijing dialect) stupid (HSK 1)
尺: chě — one of the characters used to represent a musical note in gongche notation, 工尺譜 (gōng chě pǔ) (HSK 4)
得: dé — 1. to obtain 2. to get 3. to gain 4. to catch (a disease) 5. proper 6. suitable 7. proud 8. contented 9. to allow 10. to permit 11. ready 12. finished (HSK 2)
黃金: huáng jīn — 1. gold 2. golden (opportunity) 3. prime (time) (HSK 4)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
釜: fǔ — 1. kettle 2. cauldron
上云: shàng yún — (computing) to migrate to the cloud
天賜: tiān cì — bestowed by heaven
郭: Guō — surname Guo
巨: jù — 1. very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic 2. (coll.) very; extremely
官: Guān — surname Guan (HSK 4)
不得: bù dé — 1. must not 2. may not 3. not to be allowed 4. cannot
取: qǔ — 1. to take 2. to get 3. to choose 4. to fetch (HSK 2)
民: Mín — surname Min
不得: bù dé — 1. must not 2. may not 3. not to be allowed 4. cannot
奪: duó — 1. to seize 2. to take away forcibly 3. to wrest control of 4. to compete or strive for 5. to force one's way through 6. to leave out 7. to lose (HSK 6)

，，。At first I was truly in a cold sweat on the child's behalf, and only once the cauldron of gold had been dug up did I feel relieved.，。But by then I no longer dared even to think of becoming a filial son myself, and what was more, I had begun to fear that my own father might go and become one.，；Our family's circumstances were then declining, and I often heard my parents worrying over firewood and rice;，，，？and my grandmother, moreover, was growing old — if my father should actually take Guo Ju as his model, then would it not be I who ought to be buried?，，，，，。If everything followed the pattern exactly and a cauldron of gold were dug up too, that would of course be a blessing as if from Heaven — but young as I was then, I seemed to understand well enough that the world does not necessarily offer such convenient coincidences.

我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
最初: zuì chū — 1. first 2. primary 3. initial 4. original 5. at first 6. initially 7. originally (HSK 4)
實在: shí zài — 1. really 2. actually 3. indeed 4. true 5. real 6. honest 7. dependable 8. (philosophy) reality (HSK 2)
替: tì — 1. to substitute for 2. to take the place of 3. to replace 4. for 5. on behalf of 6. to stand in for (HSK 4)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
孩子: hái zi — child (HSK 1)
捏一把汗: niē yī bǎ hàn — to break out into a cold sweat (idiom)
待: dāi — to stay; to remain (HSK 5)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
掘出: jué chū — 1. to exhume 2. to unearth 3. to dig out
黃金: huáng jīn — 1. gold 2. golden (opportunity) 3. prime (time) (HSK 4)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
釜: fǔ — 1. kettle 2. cauldron
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
才: cái — 1. ability; talent 2. sb of a certain type 3. a capable individual 4. then and only then 5. just now 6. (before an expression of quantity) only 7. (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually (HSK 2)
覺得: jué de — 1. to think that ...; to feel that ... 2. to feel (uncomfortable etc) (HSK 1)
輕鬆: qīng sōng — 1. light 2. gentle 3. relaxed 4. effortless 5. uncomplicated 6. to relax 7. to take things less seriously (HSK 4)
然而: rán ér — however; but; yet (HSK 4)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
已經: yǐ jīng — already (HSK 2)
不但: bù dàn — not only (... but also ...) (HSK 2)
自己: zì jǐ — oneself; (attributive) one's own (HSK 2)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
敢: gǎn — 1. to dare 2. daring 3. (polite) may I venture (HSK 3)
再: zài — 1. again; once more; re- 2. further; beyond this point of time 3. (before an adjective) more 4. then (after sth, and not until then) 5. no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也 (yě) or 都 (dōu) for emphasis) 6. (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則 (zài zé), 再就是 (zài jiù shì) etc) 7. (literary) to reappear; to reoccur (HSK 1)
想: xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)
做: zuò — 1. to make; to produce 2. to write; to compose 3. to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) 4. (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) 5. (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for 6. to assume (an air or manner) (HSK 1)
孝子: xiào zǐ — filial son
並且: bìng qiě — and; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition (HSK 3)
怕: Pà — surname Pa (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
父親: fù qīn — 1. father 2. also pr. (fù qin) 3. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
做: zuò — 1. to make; to produce 2. to write; to compose 3. to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc) 4. (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc) 5. (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for 6. to assume (an air or manner) (HSK 1)
孝子: xiào zǐ — filial son
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
家境: jiā jìng — 1. family financial situation 2. family circumstances (HSK 7-9)
正在: zhèng zài — to be in the process of (doing sth); to be currently ...-ing (HSK 1)
壞: huài — 1. bad 2. spoiled 3. broken 4. to break down 5. (suffix) to the utmost (HSK 1)
下去: xià qù — 1. to go down 2. to descend 3. to go on 4. to continue 5. (of a servant) to withdraw (HSK 3)
常: Cháng — surname Chang (HSK 1)
聽到: tīng dào — to hear (HSK 1)
父母: fù mǔ — father and mother; parents (HSK 3)
愁: chóu — to worry about (HSK 5)
柴: Chái — surname Chai
米: Mǐ — surname Mi (HSK 2)
祖母: zǔ mǔ — father's mother; paternal grandmother (HSK 6)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
老: lǎo — 1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2. old (of people) 3. venerable (person) 4. experienced 5. of long standing 6. always 7. all the time 8. of the past 9. very 10. outdated 11. (of meat etc) tough (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
倘: cháng — used in 倘佯 (cháng yáng)
使: shǐ — 1. to make 2. to cause 3. to enable 4. to use 5. to employ 6. to send 7. to instruct sb to do sth 8. envoy 9. messenger (HSK 3)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
父親: fù qīn — 1. father 2. also pr. (fù qin) 3. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
竟: jìng — 1. unexpectedly 2. actually 3. to go so far as to 4. indeed (HSK 7-9)
學: xué — 1. to learn 2. to study 3. to imitate 4. science 5. -ology (HSK 1)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
郭: Guō — surname Guo
巨: jù — 1. very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic 2. (coll.) very; extremely
那麼: nà me — 1. like that; in that way; to that extent 2. (before a number) ... or so; about ... 3. then; in that case (HSK 2)
該: gāi — 1. should 2. ought to 3. probably 4. must be 5. to deserve 6. to owe 7. to be sb's turn to do sth 8. that 9. the above-mentioned (HSK 2)
埋: mái — to bury (HSK 6)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
正是: zhèng shì — is precisely (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
麼: má — exclamatory final particle
如果: rú guǒ — if; in case; in the event that (HSK 2)
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
絲: sī — 1. silk 2. thread-like thing; (cuisine) shreds or julienne strips 3. classifier: a trace (of smoke etc), a tiny bit etc (HSK 7-9)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
走樣: zǒu yàng — 1. to lose shape 2. to deform
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
掘出: jué chū — 1. to exhume 2. to unearth 3. to dig out
一: yī — 1. one 2. single 3. a (article) 4. as soon as 5. entire; whole; all; throughout 6. "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1) 7. also pr. (yāo) for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit (HSK 1)
釜: fǔ — 1. kettle 2. cauldron
黃金: huáng jīn — 1. gold 2. golden (opportunity) 3. prime (time) (HSK 4)
來: lái — 1. to come 2. (used as a substitute for a more specific verb) 3. hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來 (huí lai)) 4. ever since (as in 自古以來 (zì gǔ yǐ lái)) 5. for the past (amount of time) 6. (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世 (lái shì)) 7. (between two verbs) in order to 8. (after a round number) approximately 9. (used after 得 (dé) to indicate possibility, as in 談得來 (tán de lái), or after 不 (bù) to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來 (chī bu lái)) (HSK 1)
那: Nā — surname Na (HSK 1)
自然: zì rán — 1. nature 2. natural 3. naturally (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
如: rú — 1. as 2. as if 3. such as (HSK 6)
天: tiān — 1. day 2. sky 3. heaven (HSK 1)
之: zhī — 1. (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的 (de)) 2. him 3. her 4. it (HSK 7-9)
福: Fú — 1. surname Fu 2. abbr. for Fujian province 福建省 (Fú jiàn Shěng) (HSK 3)
但是: dàn shì — but; however (HSK 2)
那時: nà shí — 1. then 2. at that time 3. in those days (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
雖然: suī rán — although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 (kě shì) or 但是 (dàn shì) etc) (HSK 2)
年紀: nián jì — 1. age 2. classifier: 把 (bǎ), 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
小: xiǎo — 1. small 2. tiny 3. few 4. young (HSK 1)
似乎: sì hū — it seems; seemingly; as if (HSK 4)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
明白: míng bai — 1. clear; obvious; unequivocal 2. sensible; reasonable 3. to understand; to realize (HSK 1)
天下: tiān xià — 1. land under heaven 2. the whole world 3. the whole of China 4. realm 5. rule (HSK 6)
未必: wèi bì — 1. not necessarily 2. maybe not (HSK 4)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
這樣: zhè yàng — 1. this way; like this; so 2. (before a noun) this kind of; such (HSK 2)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
巧: qiǎo — 1. opportunely 2. coincidentally 3. as it happens 4. skillful 5. timely (HSK 3)
事: shì — 1. matter 2. thing 3. item 4. work 5. affair 6. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng), 回 (huí) (HSK 1)

，。Thinking of it now, I find it was really quite foolish of me.，。That is because I now know that, of these old tricks, no one ever really carries them out in practice.，，。Proclamations and telegrams exhorting proper moral order are common enough, yet one rarely sees a gentleman lying stark naked upon the ice, or a general leaping down from his motorcar to carry rice on his back.，，，《》，《》，《》，《》，《》，。Besides, I have long since grown up, and having read a number of old books and bought a number of new ones — the Taiping Yulan, say, or the Ancient Biographies of Filial Sons, or Population Problems, or Birth Control, or The Twentieth Century Is the Century of the Child — I now have plenty of grounds on which to resist being buried.，，：，，“”，，，。But that was then, and this is now; at that time I was truly rather frightened: once the deep pit was dug and no gold appeared, and I was buried along with my "rattle-drum," the earth heaped over and tamped down firm — what could possibly be done about it then?，，，，，，。I thought to myself that, although the thing was unlikely ever to happen, from then on I always dreaded hearing my parents fret over our poverty, and dreaded the sight of my white-haired grandmother, always feeling that she and I could not both exist together — or at the very least, that she was someone who posed some threat to my life.，，——《》。Later this impression faded day by day, yet something of it always lingered, right up until her death — something, I suppose, that the Confucian scholar who compiled The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars could never in ten thousand years have imagined.

現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
想起來: xiǎng qi lai — 1. to remember 2. to recall
實在: shí zài — 1. really 2. actually 3. indeed 4. true 5. real 6. honest 7. dependable 8. (philosophy) reality (HSK 2)
很: hěn — 1. very; quite 2. (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) (HSK 1)
覺得: jué de — 1. to think that ...; to feel that ... 2. to feel (uncomfortable etc) (HSK 1)
傻氣: shǎ qì — 1. foolish 2. foolishness
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
因為: yīn wèi — because; owing to; on account of (HSK 2)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
已經: yǐ jīng — already (HSK 2)
知道了: zhī dào le — 1. OK! 2. Got it!
這些: zhè xiē — these (HSK 1)
老: lǎo — 1. prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity 2. old (of people) 3. venerable (person) 4. experienced 5. of long standing 6. always 7. all the time 8. of the past 9. very 10. outdated 11. (of meat etc) tough (HSK 1)
玩意: wán yì — 1. toy 2. plaything 3. thing 4. act 5. trick (in a performance, stage show, acrobatics etc)
本來: běn lái — 1. original 2. originally 3. at first 4. it goes without saying 5. of course (HSK 3)
誰: shéi — 1. who 2. also pr. (shuí) (HSK 1)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
不實: bù shí — 1. untrue; false; unfounded 2. (literary) (of a plant) to not bear fruit
行: háng — 1. (bound form) row; line 2. (bound form) line of business; trade; profession 3. (bound form) commercial firm 4. (bound form) to rank (first, second etc) among one's siblings (by age) 5. (in data tables) row; (Tw) column 6. classifier for rows or lines (HSK 1)
整飭: zhěng chì — 1. (literary) to put in good order; to make shipshape 2. (literary) orderly; neat; tidy
倫: lún — 1. human relationship 2. order 3. coherence
紀: Jǐ — 1. surname Ji 2. also pr. (Jì)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
文: Wén — surname Wen (HSK 7-9)
電: diàn — 1. lightning 2. electricity 3. electric (bound form) 4. to get (or give) an electric shock 5. phone call or telegram etc 6. to send via telephone or telegram etc (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
常: Cháng — surname Chang (HSK 1)
有的: yǒu de — 1. (there are) some (who are...) 2. some (exist) (HSK 1)
卻: què — 1. but 2. yet 3. however 4. while 5. to go back 6. to decline 7. to retreat 8. nevertheless 9. even though (HSK 4)
很: hěn — 1. very; quite 2. (also, often used before an adjective without intensifying its meaning, i.e. as a meaningless syntactic element) (HSK 1)
少見: shǎo jiàn — 1. rare; seldom seen 2. (formal) it's a rare pleasure to see you (HSK 7-9)
紳士: shēn shì — gentleman (HSK 7-9)
赤條條: chì tiáo tiáo — stark naked
地: de — 1. -ly 2. structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct (HSK 1)
躺: tǎng — 1. to recline 2. to lie down (HSK 4)
在: zài — 1. to exist; to be alive 2. (of sb or sth) to be (located) at 3. (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress) (HSK 1)
冰: bīng — 1. ice 2. classifier: 塊 (kuài) 3. to chill sth 4. (of an object or substance) to feel cold 5. (of a person) cold 6. unfriendly 7. (slang) methamphetamine (HSK 4)
上面: shàng miàn — 1. on top of 2. above-mentioned 3. also pr. (shàng mian) (HSK 3)
將軍: Jiāng jūn — (common place name) (HSK 6)
跳: tiào — 1. to jump 2. to hop 3. to skip over 4. to bounce 5. to palpitate (HSK 3)
下: xià — 1. down 2. downwards 3. below 4. lower 5. later 6. next (week etc) 7. second (of two parts) 8. to decline 9. to go down 10. to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc) 11. measure word to show the frequency of an action (HSK 1)
汽車: qì chē — 1. car 2. automobile 3. bus 4. classifier: 輛 (liàng) (HSK 1)
去: qù — 1. to go 2. to go to (a place) 3. (of a time etc) last 4. just passed 5. to send 6. to remove 7. to get rid of 8. to reduce 9. to be apart from in space or time 10. to die (euphemism) 11. to play (a part) 12. (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth 13. (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker) 14. (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation) (HSK 1)
負: fù — 1. to bear 2. to carry (on one's back) 3. to turn one's back on 4. to be defeated 5. negative (math. etc) (HSK 6)
米: Mǐ — surname Mi (HSK 2)
何況: hé kuàng — 1. let alone 2. to say nothing of 3. besides 4. what's more (HSK 7-9)
現在: xiàn zài — now; at present; currently (HSK 1)
早: zǎo — 1. early 2. morning 3. Good morning! 4. long ago 5. prematurely (HSK 1)
長大: zhǎng dà — to grow up (HSK 2)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
看: kān — 1. to look after 2. to take care of 3. to watch 4. to guard (HSK 1)
過: Guō — surname Guo (HSK 1)
幾: jī — (literary) almost (HSK 1)
部: bù — 1. ministry 2. department 3. section 4. part 5. division 6. troops 7. board 8. classifier for works of literature, films, machines etc (HSK 3)
古書: gǔ shū — 1. ancient book 2. old book
買: mǎi — 1. to buy 2. to purchase (HSK 1)
過: Guō — surname Guo (HSK 1)
幾: jī — (literary) almost (HSK 1)
本: běn — 1. (bound form) root; stem 2. (bound form) origin; source 3. (bound form) one's own; this 4. (bound form) this; the current (year etc) 5. (bound form) original 6. (bound form) inherent 7. originally; initially 8. capital; principal 9. classifier for books, periodicals, files etc (HSK 1)
新: Xīn — 1. abbr. for Xinjiang 新疆 (Xīn jiāng) 2. abbr. for Singapore 新加坡 (Xīn jiā pō) 3. surname Xin (HSK 1)
書: Shū — abbr. for 書經 (Shū jīng) (HSK 1)
什麼: shén me — 1. what? 2. something; anything (HSK 1)
太平御覽: Tài píng Yù lǎn — Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era, general Song dynasty encyclopedia compiled during 977-983 under Li Fang 李昉 (Lǐ Fǎng), 1000 scrolls
咧: liē — 1. used in 咧咧 (liē liē) 2. used in 大大咧咧 (dà dà liē liē) 3. used in 罵罵咧咧 (mà ma liē liē)
古: Gǔ — surname Gu (HSK 3)
孝子: xiào zǐ — filial son
傳: chuán — 1. to pass on 2. to spread 3. to transmit 4. to infect 5. to transfer 6. to circulate 7. to conduct (electricity) (HSK 3)
咧: liē — 1. used in 咧咧 (liē liē) 2. used in 大大咧咧 (dà dà liē liē) 3. used in 罵罵咧咧 (mà ma liē liē)
人口: rén kǒu — 1. population 2. people (HSK 2)
問題: wèn tí — 1. question 2. problem 3. issue 4. topic 5. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 2)
咧: liē — 1. used in 咧咧 (liē liē) 2. used in 大大咧咧 (dà dà liē liē) 3. used in 罵罵咧咧 (mà ma liē liē)
節制: jié zhì — 1. to control 2. to restrict 3. to moderate 4. to temper 5. moderation 6. sobriety 7. to administer
生育: shēng yù — 1. to give birth to; to bear 2. fertility (HSK 7-9)
咧: liē — 1. used in 咧咧 (liē liē) 2. used in 大大咧咧 (dà dà liē liē) 3. used in 罵罵咧咧 (mà ma liē liē)
二十世紀: èr shí shì jì — 20th century
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
兒童: ér tóng — child (HSK 4)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
世界: shì jiè — world (HSK 3)
咧: liē — 1. used in 咧咧 (liē liē) 2. used in 大大咧咧 (dà dà liē liē) 3. used in 罵罵咧咧 (mà ma liē liē)
可以: kě yǐ — 1. can 2. may 3. possible 4. able to 5. not bad 6. pretty good (HSK 2)
抵抗: dǐ kàng — 1. to resist 2. resistance (HSK 6)
被: bèi — 1. quilt 2. to cover (with) 3. (literary) to suffer (a misfortune) 4. used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb) 5. (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊[bei4 lu : 3 you2] to "go on a trip") (HSK 3)
埋: mái — to bury (HSK 6)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
理由: lǐ yóu — 1. reason 2. grounds 3. justification 4. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
多: duō — 1. many; much; more; a lot of 2. too many; in excess 3. (after a numeral) ... odd 4. how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. (duó)) 5. (bound form) multi-; poly- (HSK 1)
得很: de hěn — (after an adjective) very
不過: bù guò — 1. only 2. merely 3. no more than 4. but 5. however 6. anyway (to get back to a previous topic) 7. cannot be more (after adjectival) (HSK 2)
彼: bǐ — 1. that 2. those 3. (one) another
一時: yī shí — 1. a period of time 2. a while 3. for a short while 4. temporary 5. momentary 6. at the same time (HSK 6)
此: cǐ — this; these (HSK 4)
一時: yī shí — 1. a period of time 2. a while 3. for a short while 4. temporary 5. momentary 6. at the same time (HSK 6)
彼時: bǐ shí — at that time
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
委實: wěi shí — 1. indeed 2. really (very much so)
有點: yǒu diǎn — a little
害怕: hài pà — to be afraid; to be scared (HSK 3)
掘: jué — to dig
好: hǎo — 1. good 2. appropriate; proper 3. all right! 4. (before a verb) easy to 5. (before a verb) good to 6. (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so 7. (verb complement indicating completion) 8. (of two people) close; on intimate terms 9. (after a personal pronoun) hello (HSK 1)
深: shēn — (lit. and fig.) deep (HSK 3)
坑: kēng — 1. pit; hollow; depression 2. (mining) pit; shaft; tunnel 3. (literary) to bury alive 4. (coll.) to cheat; to scam; to screw over (HSK 7-9)
不見: bù jiàn — 1. not to see 2. not to meet 3. to have disappeared 4. to be missing (HSK 6)
黃金: huáng jīn — 1. gold 2. golden (opportunity) 3. prime (time) (HSK 4)
連: Lián — surname Lian (HSK 3)
搖: Yáo — surname Yao (HSK 4)
咕咚: gū dōng — 1. splash 2. (onom.) for heavy things falling down
一同: yī tóng — together (HSK 6)
埋: mái — to bury (HSK 6)
下去: xià qù — 1. to go down 2. to descend 3. to go on 4. to continue 5. (of a servant) to withdraw (HSK 3)
蓋上: gài shang — to cover
土: Tǔ — 1. surname Tu 2. Tu ethnic group (HSK 3)
踏: tā — see 踏實 (tā shi) (HSK 6)
得: dé — 1. to obtain 2. to get 3. to gain 4. to catch (a disease) 5. proper 6. suitable 7. proud 8. contented 9. to allow 10. to permit 11. ready 12. finished (HSK 2)
實: shí — 1. real 2. true 3. honest 4. really 5. solid 6. fruit 7. seed 8. definitely
實: shí — 1. real 2. true 3. honest 4. really 5. solid 6. fruit 7. seed 8. definitely
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
又: yòu — 1. (once) again 2. also 3. both... and... 4. and yet 5. (used for emphasis) anyway (HSK 2)
有: yǒu — 1. to have; there is 2. (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意 (yǒu yì) intentional) (HSK 1)
什麼: shén me — 1. what? 2. something; anything (HSK 1)
法子: fǎ zi — 1. way 2. method 3. Taiwan pr. (fá zi)
可: kě — 1. (prefix) can; may; able to; -able 2. to approve; to permit 3. to suit 4. (particle used for emphasis) certainly; very 5. but; however (HSK 5)
想: xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)
呢: ne — 1. (sentence-final particle) used in questions to link back to prior discourse or context ("what about...?", "and...?") 2. (sentence-final particle) indicating that a state or situation still holds 3. (discourse particle) used to mark a slight pause or emphasis in speech (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
想: xiǎng — 1. to think (about) 2. to think of; to devise 3. to think (that); to believe (that) 4. to desire; to want (to) 5. to miss (feel wistful about the absence of) (HSK 1)
事情: shì qing — 1. affair; matter; thing; business 2. classifier: 件 (jiàn), 樁 (zhuāng) (HSK 2)
雖然: suī rán — although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是 (kě shì) or 但是 (dàn shì) etc) (HSK 2)
未必: wèi bì — 1. not necessarily 2. maybe not (HSK 4)
實現: shí xiàn — to achieve; to implement; to realize; to bring about (HSK 2)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
從此: cóng cǐ — 1. from now on 2. since then 3. henceforth (HSK 4)
總: zǒng — 1. (bound form) general; overall 2. to sum up 3. in every case; always; invariably 4. anyway; after all; eventually; sooner or later 5. surely 6. (after a person's name) abbr. for 總經理 (zǒng jīng lǐ) or 總編 (zǒng biān) etc (HSK 3)
怕: Pà — surname Pa (HSK 2)
聽到: tīng dào — to hear (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
父母: fù mǔ — father and mother; parents (HSK 3)
愁: chóu — to worry about (HSK 5)
窮: qióng — 1. poor 2. destitute 3. to use up 4. to exhaust 5. thoroughly 6. extremely 7. (coll.) persistently and pointlessly (HSK 4)
怕: Pà — surname Pa (HSK 2)
看見: kàn jiàn — to see; to catch sight of (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
白髮: bái fà — 1. white or gray hair 2. classifier: 根 (gēn)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
祖母: zǔ mǔ — father's mother; paternal grandmother (HSK 6)
總: zǒng — 1. (bound form) general; overall 2. to sum up 3. in every case; always; invariably 4. anyway; after all; eventually; sooner or later 5. surely 6. (after a person's name) abbr. for 總經理 (zǒng jīng lǐ) or 總編 (zǒng biān) etc (HSK 3)
覺得: jué de — 1. to think that ...; to feel that ... 2. to feel (uncomfortable etc) (HSK 1)
她: tā — she (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
不: bù — 1. no; not so 2. (bound form) not; un- (HSK 1)
兩立: liǎng lì — 1. to coexist 2. coexistence
至少: zhì shǎo — 1. at least 2. (to say the) least (HSK 3)
也: Yě — surname Ye (HSK 1)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
一個: yī ge — 1. a; an; one 2. the whole (afternoon, summer vacation etc)
和: Hé — surname He (HSK 1)
我: wǒ — I; me; my (HSK 1)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
生命: shēng mìng — 1. life (as the characteristic of living beings) 2. living being; creature (classifier: 條 (tiáo)) (HSK 3)
有些: yǒu xiē — 1. some 2. somewhat; rather; a bit
妨礙: fáng ài — 1. to hinder 2. to obstruct (HSK 7-9)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
人: rén — 1. person; people 2. classifier: 個 (gè), 位 (wèi), 名 (míng) (HSK 1)
後來: hòu lái — 1. afterwards; later 2. newly arrived (HSK 2)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
印象: yìn xiàng — 1. impression (sth that stays in one's mind) 2. a memory (HSK 3)
日: rì — 1. (bound form) sun 2. day 3. day of the month 4. (bound form) Japan (abbr. for 日本 (Rì běn)) 5. (vulgar) to fuck; to have sex with (HSK 1)
見: jiàn — 1. to see 2. to meet 3. to appear (to be sth) 4. to interview 5. opinion 6. view (HSK 1)
其: qí — 1. his 2. her 3. its 4. their 5. that 6. such 7. it (refers to sth preceding it) (HSK 5)
淡: dàn — 1. insipid 2. diluted 3. weak 4. mild 5. light in color 6. tasteless 7. indifferent 8. (variant of 氮 (dàn)) nitrogen (HSK 4)
了: le — 1. (completed action marker) 2. (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now) 3. (modal particle intensifying preceding clause) (HSK 1)
但: dàn — 1. but; yet; however; still 2. merely; only; just (HSK 2)
總有: zǒng yǒu — inevitably there will be
一些: yī xiē — some; a few; a little; (following an adjective) slightly ...er (HSK 1)
留遺: liú yí — 1. to leave behind 2. sb's legacy
一直: yī zhí — 1. straight (in a straight line) 2. continuously; always; all the way through (HSK 2)
到: dào — 1. to reach; to arrive 2. to leave for; to go to 3. to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point) 4. (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point) 5. considerate; thoughtful; thorough (HSK 1)
她: tā — she (HSK 1)
去世: qù shì — 1. to pass away 2. to die (HSK 3)
這: zhè — 1. (pronoun) this; these 2. (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun) 3. (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. (zhèi), esp. in Beijing) (HSK 1)
大概: dà gài — 1. roughly 2. probably 3. rough 4. approximate 5. about 6. general idea (HSK 3)
是: shì — 1. to be (followed by substantives only) 2. correct; right; true 3. (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well 4. (adverb for emphatic assertion) (HSK 1)
送給: sòng gěi — 1. to send 2. to give as a present (HSK 2)
二十四孝: Èr shí sì Xiào — the Twenty-four Filial Exemplars, classic Confucian text on filial piety from Yuan dynasty
圖: tú — 1. diagram 2. picture 3. drawing 4. chart 5. map 6. classifier: 張 (zhāng) 7. to plan 8. to scheme 9. to attempt 10. to pursue 11. to seek (HSK 3)
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
儒者: Rú zhě — Confucian scholar
所: suǒ — 1. actually 2. place 3. classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc 4. that which 5. particle introducing a relative clause or passive 6. classifier: 個 (gè) (HSK 3)
萬: Wàn — surname Wan (HSK 2)
料: liào — 1. material 2. stuff 3. grain 4. feed 5. to expect 6. to anticipate 7. to guess (HSK 6)
不到: bù dào — 1. not to arrive 2. not reaching 3. insufficient 4. less than
的: de — 1. of; ~'s (possessive particle) 2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun) 3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis) 4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pí gé de) "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的 (pǎo táng r de) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīn de) "new one") 5. also pr. (dì) or (di) in poetry and songs (HSK 1)
罷: bà — 1. to stop 2. to cease 3. to dismiss 4. to suspend 5. to quit 6. to finish

。May 10th.

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What it’s about

It opens at full volume, with Lu Xun swearing to hunt out the blackest curse there is and lay it on everyone who opposes or obstructs vernacular writing, hell or no hell. What follows explains the anger. His first picture book, the reward of a whole childhood of wanting one, was a copy of 《二十四孝圖》, the twenty-four classic exemplars of filial piety drawn one to a page; and reading it was where he learned that being a good son might be beyond him. Lying on ice to melt it for carp, or weeping until bamboo shoots came up, struck him as merely dangerous. Two of the stories frightened him properly.

One is 老萊娛親, the seventy-year-old who dressed as a child and threw himself down in front of his parents pretending to bawl — a grown man with a toy rattle in his hand, which looked to the boy like a lie told to order rather than an act of love. The other is 郭巨埋兒, the man who decided to bury his infant son alive so there would be food enough for his mother, and was saved by a pot of gold the ground happened to yield. Lu Xun's reaction was to start dreading any talk of his family being poor, and to look at his white-haired grandmother as somebody whose existence was quietly at odds with his own — which, he observes, is not what the scholars who hand children such books have in mind.

When it was written 背景

Written 10 May 1926 and published in 莽原 that month, the third of the ten and the most argumentative after 狗·猫·鼠: the memory sits inside a polemic against the people then trying to push children's books back into classical Chinese. For a learner the narrative core is easy going, but the frame is dense — it moves through several editions of the picture book, quotes their captions in classical Chinese, and glances at Japanese and European children's books along the way. Read it beside 五猖會 for what the two of them say about growing up under the old idea of what a son owes.

Words in this chapter 生词

白話bái huà白話bái huà — spoken language · vernacular
咕咚gū dōng咕咚gū dōng — splash · (onom.) for heavy things falling down
孝子xiào zǐ孝子xiào zǐ — filial son
萊lái萊lái — name of weed plant (fat hen, goosefoot, pigweed etc) · Chenopodium album
巨jù巨jù — very large; huge; tremendous; gigantic · (coll.) very; extremely
詐zhà詐zhà — to cheat · to swindle · to pretend · to feign · to draw sb out · to try to extract information by deceit or bluff
二十四孝Èr shí sì Xiào二十四孝Èr shí sì Xiào — the Twenty-four Filial Exemplars, classic Confucian text on filial piety from Yuan dynasty
妨害fáng hàiHSK 7-9妨害fáng hài — to jeopardize · to be harmful to · to undermine (HSK 7-9)
釜fǔ釜fǔ — kettle · cauldron
人格rén géHSK 7-9人格rén gé — personality · integrity · dignity (HSK 7-9)
哈羅hā luó哈羅hā luó — hello (loanword)
太平御覽Tài píng Yù lǎn太平御覽Tài píng Yù lǎn — Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era, general Song dynasty encyclopedia compiled during 977-983 under Li Fang 李昉 (Lǐ Fǎng), 1000 scrolls